Language Q's
Basque
What factors distiguish different dialects from each other?
Vocab, Spelling, Pronunciation
What are the 3 major branches of Christianity?
Roman Catholic, Protestant, Orthodox
Define universalizing religion
It attempts to appeal to people in all parts of he world. Ex: Chistianity, Islam, Buddhism
What 3 traits best distiguish cultural values?
Language, Religion, Ethnicity
What is the biggest language family?
Indo-European. About 50% of the world population speaks an Indo-European language.
Define Isogloss
A word usage boundary.
What is 1st universalizing religion?
Buddhism
Define ethnic religion
Applies to one very specific group of people. They're smaller and not looking for converts. Ex: Hinduism, Judaism
How did Christianity diffuse?
Relocation diffusion- Missionaries
Expansion diffusion- Europeans colonizing other places
Hierachial diffusion- Emperor accepts religion
Contagious diffusion- through daily contact
What are the 4 most widely used romance languages?
Italian, French, Portuguese, and Spanish
What is a standard language?
Bonus: What is the standard language for English?
A dialect that is well established and widely recognized (in languages with multiple dialects).
British Recieved Pronounciation (BPR)
What is animism?
Based on the idea that inanimate things have spirits. (plants, stones, weather) *Pocahontas*
Define monotheism and give an example
One God
Christianity
What 3 peoples formed the English language? (Germanic invasion)
What factors can lead to extinct languages?
Natural disasters, war/genocide, abandoning ancestor language (if someone is bilingual they will focus more on the language spoken by the majority), globalization, political repression (communist Russia)
What is the difference between a pidgin and a creole language?
A pidgin language combines two or more languages. Ex: Spanglish.
A creole language is a pidgin that becomes an official language.
Ex: Haitian Creole (a mix of French, English, Spanish and some West African languages)
What are the 5 pillars of Islam?
Faith, Prayer, Fasting, Charity, Pilgrimage
Define polytheism and give an example
Multiple gods
Hinduism
Hinduism: Founder?
When did it originate?
Where did it originate?
No specific founder
Prior to recorded history
Central Asia
Name each of the 5 stage of languages (starting with family) and give an example of each stage.
Family- Indo-European
Branch- Germanic
Group- West Germanic
Language- English
Dialect- Western American
What is a lingua franca?
Give an example
A language used for business and trade between people who don't speak the same language.
English is the global lingua franca. English and French are African lingua francas.
What are the 4 Noble Truths of Buddhism?
1. Life is full of suffering
2. Suffering is caused by sin
3. Suffering can be overcome
4. By following the Eight-Fold path
Define fundamentalism
Strict and intense adhereance to the basic principles of a religion.
Define diaspora
The scattering of any ethnic group. This is what happened to the Jews when they were forced out by the Romans.