Michael Halliday
What is Halliday's theory?
Functional Theory
Who contributed to the Cultural Transmission Theory?
Bandura, Mackintosh, Hartl and Clark.
What was Hockett's theory?
Random Fluctuation Theory
How did the Theory of lexis gaps come to be?
It works off of Halliday's Functional theory as new lexis emerges with evolution.
What is Labov's theory?
Substratum Theory
What is the Concept of Halliday's Theory?
That language is a tool needed to to function in everyday life
How does the theory believe information is passed on?
Through Imitation and teaching from others in society.
What is the Random Fluctuation Theory?
Language change developed randomly by its users.
Why is this theory perceived as "strange"?
It focuses on words that do not exist.
How did this theory form?
Composition of ideas from studies in the 1960's and early 70's
What functions does language change in society?
Economics and Social functions
What's another name for Cultural Transmission theory?
Cultural learning
What causes Random Fluctuation?
An uneven use of an unspoken language.
What are examples of ways lexical gaps form?
- Words formed from children.
- Advertisment "nonsense" words
Who did Labov study?
Jewish communities
What is historic evidence from functional change of language?
Adaptation, coinage, archaic lexis.
Transmission is described as?....
A one-way system of language passed down to emerge a new generation.
What is the Random Fluctuation theory seen as?
Too general.
How does a lexical gap form.
When the use of randomly allocated sound combinations are used to form a new word.
How does this theory provide an example for language spread and globalization?
By stating that a variety of English is influenced by another.
What is functional theories time line of words?
Lexis evolves until it is no longer used, and is replaced by newer lexis to satisfy technological and societal evolution.
Why does Cultural Transmission in language occur? What's an example?
- When individuals or a group of people see benefit in the evolution of language.
- Evolution of technology
- Political Change
What is perceived as "random" in the Random Fluctuation theory?
The way people pronounce lexis in a particular style which is seen as "desirable"
What is terminology that may be used to describe lexical gaps?
Loan words, Neologism,
How is this theory different from borrowing?
An existing language is changed not added to.