Phonology/Phonetics
The feature shared by [p, t, k, d] and not by [s, z].
What is stop/plosive?
An affix that attaches to the end of another segment.
The lack of inherent or iconic relationship between the form of a word and its meaning. For example the phonetic shape /kæt/ bears no iconic relationship to being a cat.
What is arbitrariness?
A defeasible inference, often tied to pragmatic principles of communication.
What is an implicature?
Children sometimes produce non-target forms that they are unlikely to have ever been exposed to in the input. For instance, regularizing the past tense of the verb "hold" to "holded". This kind of data provides evidence for the _______ hypothesis.
What is innateness?
The english word corresponding to the following narrow phonetic transcription:
[binz]
What are "beans"?
The following are all _____ of the English plural:
[-əz], [-z], [-s], [-en], [-ren]
When two sounds occur next to one another, one sound can change to become more like the following sound. For example, in some contexts, when the morpheme [-s] is attached to a word like dog, it becomes expressed as [-z]. This is an example of _____.
What is assimilation?
Whenever A is true, B must be true. This is an example of_____.
What is entailment?
What is a linguistic variable?
The two words 'cap' and 'cab' differ only in their final sound ([p] vs. [b]) and have different meanings. From this we, can conclude that [p] and [b] are in contrastive distribution. The words 'cap' and 'cab' are a _______ .
What is a minimal pair?
'John worked on his homework on Thursday and Bill did so too'
In the above sentence, we see that the phrase 'worked on his homework on Thursday' can be replaced by the expression 'do so'. We know that the phrase is a _____.
What is a constituent?
A substitution test used to identify VPs.
What is "do so" substitution?
The idea that the interpretation of an expression depends only on the interpretation of its constituent parts.
What is the Principle of Compositionality?
Varieties of language that form along social divisions.
What is a sociolect?
In English, [pʰ] only occurs in the initial position of stressed syllables. [p] occurs in all other contexts. We say that these sounds are complementary distribution and, thus ________ of one another.
What are allophones?
A morphological pattern, common in languages like Arabic or Hebrew, where complex words are formed not by adding affixes sequentially, but by filling templates or modifying features of existing segments.
What is non-concatenative morphology?
The top-down imposition of a grammatical rule on a group of speakers, often for reasons of prestige.
What is prescriptive grammar?
"Ames was eating" must be true in order to say either, "Ames continued eating" or "Ames didn't continue eating", or to ask "Did Ames continue eating?"
"Ames was eating" is a ______ of "Ames continued eating."
What is presupposition?
A trait of child language acquisition, which has been demonstrated with the Wug-test, that provides support for the innateness hypothesis.
What is overgenerlization?
In Italian, we saw that the sounds [n] and [ŋ] are allophones of one another. We know this because they are in ________.
What is complementary distribution?
A verb that takes two arguments.
What is a transitive verb?
The idea that there isn't sufficient input for the child learner to be able to perfectly acquire an adult grammar without innate constraints on language.
However, I can say "Not everyone did their homework. In fact, no one did." This test, which we call the ______ allows me to conclude that the inference that someone did their homework is an __________ .
A variant of a language that is used has prestige, is used in school settings, is associated with a dominant social group, and/or is closest to the written form of the language.
What is a "standard"?