Language Beliefs
Considered the prevailing language ideology
(What is standard language ideology?)
The scientific study of language
(What is linguistics?)
Treats literacy as a neutral, technical skill
(What is the autonomous model of literacy?)
Distinguished between autonomous and ideological literacy models.
(Who is Brian Street?)
Multiple voices within language
(What is heteroglossia?)
Refers to pronunciation and intonation features
(What is accent?)
Belief in a “correct” or “pure” form of language
(What is dominant language ideology?)
Different ways of expressing the same thing with social meaning
(What is language variation?)
Literacy shaped by social and cultural contexts
(What is the ideological model of literacy?)
Argued translanguaging is a normal part of bilingualism
(Who is Ofelia Garcia?)
Beliefs or judgments about language varieties
(What are language attitudes?)
Narratives that challenge standard language ideology
(What are linguistic counter-narratives?)
Information based partially on truth
(What is a myth?)
Everyday informal language ability
(What is BICS?)
Created the Three Circles Model
(Who is Braj Kachru?)
People can understand L2 speakers without bias
(What is the communicative burden?)
Preconceived beliefs about language varieties
(What are language ideologies?)
“Common sense” cultural view of language
(What is the common sense view of language?)
Academic language proficiency
(What is CALPS?)
Developed BICS and CALPS
(Who is Cummins?)
A single, unified authoritative language
(What is monoglossia?)
Belief society should operate with one proper language
(What is monolingual habitus?)
A systematic, rule-governed variety like AAE
(What is African American English?)
Students who often struggle due to systemic factors
(Who are ESL students?)
Internalized dispositions shaping behavior
(What is habitus?)