Initial Words
a. 3-4 months
b. 6 months
c. 1 year
d. 2 years
C. 1 year
Children typically say their first word at age 1, although some children may start speaking a little before or after.
Morpheme definition
a basic unit of meaning. it includes endings like -s, and -ed, as well as simple words like run.
Syntax definition
the grammatical rules that govern how words can be combined into sentences
Pragmatics definition
Focuses on the social rules and world knowledge that allows people to communicate with others
At what rate do children's vocabulary increases?
a. very slowly
b. very quickly
c. it only increases if the caregiver teaches them
d. it increases at a steady rate
B. very quickly
A typicall 1-year-old has 0-50 words in their vocabulary. By 20months old, children's vocabulary increases to 150-180 words, and by 28months, their average vocabulary is 380 words.
T/F: Children are typically accurate in their understanding of morphemes.
TRUE
Although they may make mistakes with words that have irregular forms like mouses vs. mice
T/F: Children begin to learn to use syntax as soon as they say their first word
FALSE
Children usually start learning about syntax around 18-24 months, when they begin to combine two words
Which of the following are pragmatic skills that children learn?
a. using language appropriate to context
b. adapting to a listener's level of knowledge
c. taking turns in conversation
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Children must learn all these skills to successfully communicate messages with their listeners
T/F: Reading to your children or talking to them about activities they do will increase their vocabulary and language development.
TRUE
Storytelling is essential in developing children's language skills
What is an example of overregularization?
a. calling all animals "dogs"
b. using the same word due to lack of vocabulary
c. giving irregular words a normal form (ex. runned vs. ran)
d. all of the above
C. giving irregular words a normal form
Overregularization is the tendency to add regular morphemes to irregular words. Children often make this mistake when first learning words, but as they get older they learn when what morphemes are appropriate for different words
T/F: The two-word combinations used by young children can have different meanings depending on the context
TRUE
Because their vocabulary is limited, children are limited in how they can express themselves with words so the meaning of their two-word phrases can be interpreted from its context
T/F: Children learn most pragmatic skills at the same age
FALSE
Children learn pragmatic skills at different times depending on their age. Children as young as 2-4 can adapt their speech to the listener's level. This can be seen when young children simplify their speech when talking to infants. Children may take turns in conversations and show active listneing around age 5
A factor that helps children learn new words is Fast Mapping, which means...
Fast mapping is using context to make a reasonable guess about a word's meaning after just a couple exposures.
Fast mapping shows how important context is for children when learning words
The Rule-and-memory theory seeks to explain overregularization. This theory states...
Children's two-word utterances can express different relationships including all of the following EXCEPT:
a. possessor-possession
b. action-object
c. agent-action
d. action-action
Examples of the others would be "mama dress" (possessor-possession), "eat cookie" (action-object), and "sister fall" (agent-action)
When learning new words, children may commit the mistake of overextension, which means..
Overextension is the use of a word to refer to other objects in addition to objects that are considered appropriate
ex. calling all animals "dogs" or all toys a "ball"
According to the rule and memory theory, the relationship between time and number of overregularizations is:
a. positive linear
b. negative linear
c. non-linear
d. curvilinear
a. linear
There is a negative linear relationship. Research on the theory shows that as time goes on, the number of overregularizations decreases
YOUNG children mainly learn language through:
a. spoken language they hear
b. books they read
c. music
d. speaking to themselves
a. spoken language they hear
While all of the options can help develop language, YOUNG children especially learn through the spoken language heard around them