Oral vs. Written
Name the differentiating factor between cognate sounds.
What is voiced and unvoiced?
The term for the smallest part of a word that conveys meaning.
What is morpheme?
Define a phrase.
What is a group of words that has meaning but does not express a complete thought. The primary structure by which we build our thoughts together.
Define the term INFERENCE.
What is a conclusion drawn by the reader based upon clues (facts/evidence) from the author and personal knowledge or understanding?
Demonstrate an example of alliteration.
What is Peter Piper Picked a Peck of Pickled Peppers?
The term for the classification of speech sounds.
What is phonetics?
Define the term LEXICON.
What is an individual’s mental dictionary of words that can be used receptively (understood when listening) and expressively (words we know and can use in context verbally)?
We typically encounter longer sentences in which form of text: informational or narrative?
What is informational?
Children with language disorders frequently have difficulty with this type of text structure.
What is narrative?
This is the term used that relates to the meaning component of language.
What is semantics?
Name 2 ways ways written language taxes the oral language system to make comprehension challenging?
What is
Absence of prosodic cues
No well-defined context
No conversational repair
Need higher level thinking skills—inferencing/predicting (Perfetti 1986)
Define the difference between a free morpheme and a bound morpheme.
What is that free morphemes can stand alone and bound morphemes must be attached to a free morpheme. (most roots and combining forms, affixes)
Define the term pronoun referent.
What is the noun or noun phrase/clause that a pronoun refers to? E.g. Carlo poured a cup of coffee and sipped it slowly. It -referent = coffee -noun
This factor strongly influences a student's ability to make an inference.
What is sufficient background knowledge?
What is prior knowledge?
What is text structure?
The name of a quick (45 second) standardized assessment used to determine student's word-level reading and decoding efficiency.
What is the TOWRE-2?
Define why we use keywords when teaching letter sounds.
What is they serve as a memory device, and a trigger for the rapid retrieval of sounds.
Define the difference between depth and breadth of vocabulary, and which is important to distinguish shades of meaning.
What is vocabulary breadth? Students must know many words and understand fine differences among them to distinguish shades of meaning.
The form of assessment that demonstrates a child's ability to predict words and correct forms of words (among choices) within context of connected text.
What is cloze technique. (Circle/Fill-in-the-blank)
State how you might present instruction about what we must do to make an inference.
What is... We need to find clues to get some answers. We need to add those clues to what we already know or have read. We need to be able to support inferences with evidence.
List three early red flags that might suggest a child is at risk for a language-based reading disability.
What are: language delays, difficulty with letter/sound correspondence, word retrieval difficulties, mispronunciation of words (cimanin/ brue blush), persistent grammatical errors in speech (he goed to the store), difficulty understanding spatial terms - L/R, Front/Back, difficulty following directions.
Using discovery, state a procedure you might use to introduce a spelling pattern.
What is: Repeat these words... What sound do you hear alike in these words? In what position do you hear that sound? Take a look at these words. What do you see alike? In what position of the word? Anything else similar we see? What type of vowel is in these words? What spelling pattern do we see for this sound?
Define the difference between inflectional and derivational morphemes.
What is...
Inflectional signify tense, number, comparison, and possession.
Derivational change the part of speech. (e.g. noun to adjective -- poison--poisonous)
Define what makes a complex sentence.
What is an independent clause plus a dependent clause? (You cannot leave the school until the bell rings. After eating the giant cookie, Troy had a stomachache.)
The name of a comprehension strategy that provides a framework for types of text questions and finding answers as we read.
QAR- Question-Answer Relationships
Define what is meant by the expression: "Talking is Not Teaching."
What is: The language teachers use has a tremendous impact on students. The conscious awareness of what we say, how we say it, and why it must be said in a particular way is critical for teachers. As we teach language, we must be controlled in our own use of it, as we instruct children. (Birsh pg 121)