Larynx anatomy/voice

anatomy

100

vocal fold abduction 

posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) 

200

vocal fold adduction 

lateral cricoarytenoid 

transverse arytenoid 

oblique arytenoid 

cricothyroid 

thyroarytenoid 

300

cartilage that does not attach to any other cartilages 

cuneiform 

400

cartilage attached to apex of arytenoid cartilages 

corniculates 

500

most inferior cartilage, ring shaped 

cricoid 

misc.

100

what are the 3 "pairs of vocal folds"

true vocal folds

aryepiglottic folds 

ventricular (false) vocal folds 

200

velopharyngeal closure is possible through contraction of 

palatoglossus, tensor veli palatini, and levator veli palatini 

300

separates laryngeal vestibule from pharynx

aryepiglottic folds 

400

what is the Bernoulli effect 

the change in pressures that pull vocal folds together. 

speed of air increases and "sucks" vocal folds toward one another - closure of folds 

500

how do relaxation exercises affect voice?  

for a hyper-functional voice, relaxation techniques helps to reduce laryngeal tension, yawn-sigh: minimize vocal hyper function tension, relax voice and improved pitch 

Acoustic evaluation

100

of pitch 

fundamental frequency? 

mono pitch, excessive pitch, diplophonia, pitch breaks?

200

of loudness

measure intensity level 

range of loudness? inappropriate loudness?

300

of vocal quality 

-jitter

-shimmer (amplitude)

-s/z ratio 

is it harsh, breathy, or hoarse?

400

of resonance 

hypernasal

nasal emission: look for pressure consonants

hyponasal

500

or respiration 

type of breathing patterns

stridor?: VF paralysis my be present

# of words per minute 

max phonation time 

rate 

resonance

100

what is dysphonia 

a voice disorder characterized by auditory perpetual symptoms 

200

VP insufficiency

velopharyngeal dysfunction due to anatomical/structural defect (cleft palate) 

300

VP incompetence 

VP incompetence - poor movement of structures (CN damage, dysarthria) 

400

VP mislearning 

 poor closure due to mislearning 

500

what are the two types of organic causes of voice disorders 

structural (cysts,growths,trauma etc) and neurogenic (spasmodic dysphonia, Parkinson's disease, MS, ALS, vocal tremor, paralysis of VF)

resonance

100

hypernasal 

air through nasal cavity not just /m,n,ng/

could be due to structural abnormalities (clefts) or genetic syndromes (22q deletion) 

200

hyponasal

not enough air through the nasal cavity during production of nasal consonants (blocked air)

nasal cavity obstruction (sinusitis), inflammation (cold) or severe hearing loss

300

cul-de-sac

sound is trapped in oral, nasal, or pharyngeal cavity; muffled or low voice 

nasal blockage (polyps, deviated septum) 

pharyngeal blockage (large tonsils and/or enlarged adenoids) 

400

mixed 

concurrence of hyper nasality, hypo nasality, and or cul-de-sac resonance 

apraxia (inconsistent, abnormal VP opening) 

causes of hyper/hypo nasality and cul-de-sac

500

what is the 'phonation resistance'

adapted from LSVT, /a/ loud maximum sustained phonation, /a/ loud ascending and descending pitch glides, functional phrases with loud volume and high pitch voice, functional phrases with loud volume and low pitch voice.