1 - ANATOMY
What is the outermost layer of the skin and acts as the body’s first line of defense?
The epidermis
What are three risks to treating over an active tan?
Burns/Blisters/Hypopigmentation/ Hyperpigmentation
What type of radiation, that we use in cosmetic lasers, is considered safe because it doesn’t damage DNA?
Non-ionizing radiation
What term refers to the distance between two peaks in a wave and is measured in nanometers?
Wavelength
What mode should you put the laser should in when you aren't using it?
Standby Mode
For laser hair removal to be effective, what active growth stage must the hair be in?
The anagen phase
What Fitz is a client who is german, has an olive skin tone, sometimes burns, and tans well?
Fitzpatrick 3
Which wavelengths are stronger and more energetic, but don’t travel deeply into the skin?
Short wavelengths
What laser parameter describes the surface area of energy applied to the skin and is often measured in mm?
Spot Size
What are the 3 primary chromophores used in LHR?
Hemoglobin & Melanin
What is a complex carbohydrate found in the dermis that is highly attracted to water?
Glycosaminoglycans (GAG's)
What is the biggest factor to go off of when determining a client's Fitz?
Ethnic Background
What does the optical resonator contain to produce the desired wavelength?
An active medium
What laser setting used to intensify the laser pulse without adding any heat?
Pulse Duration (ms)?
What two things are we going off of to determine clinical endpoint?
Visual cues & client discomfort
What layer of the epidermis contains melanocytes & is responsible for cell mitosis?
Stratum Germinativum
What Fitz is a client who is any of the following ethnicities - African, African American, Caribbean, Indian, or Pacific Islander?
Fitzpatrick 5
What term describes how photons in a laser beam travel in a synchronized wave pattern, maintaining equal distance between energy peaks?
Coherence
What process occurs when laser energy is absorbed by the chromophore, converted to heat, and damages the target?
Selective Photothermolysis
What is the pulse duration/ms based on in LHR?
Hair thickness
In what layer of the epidermis do cells begin to flatten & lose their nuclei and organelles?
Stratum Granulosum
What should you do if you are unsure of a clients Fitzpatrick?
Go one Fitz higher/above to be safe
Which part of the laser system surrounds the active medium and includes mirrors that amplify light?
The optical resonator
What term refers to the amount of time it takes for a target to lose at least 50% of its heat to surrounding tissues?
Thermal Relaxation Time (TRT)?
What is fluence?
heat/energy