LAST ROUND

Surgery Basics

10

What is surgery?

A branch of medical science that uses manual and instrumental techniques to diagnose or treat disease or injury.

20

Which goal of surgery involves removing a small tissue sample to confirm a diagnosis?

Diagnosis (Biopsy).

30

Name the three types of surgery based on urgency spectrum.

Elective, Urgent, and Emergency surgery.

40

Differentiate between open surgery and minimally invasive surgery by giving two differences.

• Open surgery: Large incision, direct view, longer recovery, more pain/scarring.
• Minimally invasive surgery: Small incisions, uses endoscope/laparoscope, faster recovery, less pain/scarring. 

50

A 35-year-old man arrives at the emergency department after a road traffic accident with severe internal bleeding. The surgeon decides to take him to the operating theatre immediately.

What type of surgery is indicated, and why?

Emergency surgery, because immediate surgical intervention is required to save the patient's life.

Surgical Phases

10

Name the three phases of surgical patient care.

Preoperative, Intraoperative, and Postoperative.

20

In which surgical phase is the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist "Sign In" completed?

Preoperative phase

30

A patient has been shifted to the operating table. Anaesthesia has been induced, and the surgical team is preparing to make the skin incision. Which surgical phase is this?

Intraoperative phase

40

A patient is receiving analgesics, vital signs are monitored every 15 minutes, and the surgical wound is assessed for bleeding. Identify the surgical phase and mention one major objective of this phase.

Postoperative phase

50

A patient receives preoperative antibiotics after skin incision instead of before surgery.

Which surgical phase was not managed correctly, and what could be the consequence?

A patient receives preoperative antibiotics after skin incision instead of before surgery.

Which surgical phase was not managed correctly, and what could be the consequence?

OT Team

10

Who is responsible for performing the surgery?

Surgeon

20

Which OT team member administers anaesthesia and continuously monitors the patient's vital signs during surgery?

Anaesthetist

30

Differentiate between the roles of the Scrub Nurse/Technologist and the Circulating Nurse.

• Scrub Nurse/Technologist: Works within the sterile field and passes sterile instruments to the surgeon.
• Circulating Nurse: Works outside the sterile field, manages equipment, supplies, and documentation. 

40

During surgery, the surgeon requests an additional sterile instrument that is not available on the sterile trolley. Which OT team member should obtain it, and why?

Circulating Nurse, because they work outside the sterile field and can safely obtain additional sterile supplies without contaminating the sterile area.

50

During surgery, the scrub nurse accidentally touches a non-sterile surface with a sterile glove.

Which OT team member should provide a new sterile glove without compromising the sterile field, and what should happen next?

• Circulating Nurse opens and presents a new sterile glove.

• The Scrub Nurse removes the contaminated glove using sterile technique and dons a new sterile glove before continuing.

Prefix Power

10

What does the prefix "Hemi-" mean?

Half

20

A surgeon performs laparoscopy. Which part of the body does the prefix "Lapar-" refer to?

Abdomen (abdominal cavity)

30

Match the following prefixes with their meanings:

1. Peri-
2. Inter-
3. Sub-
   A. Below
   B. Around
   C. Between

• Peri- → Around

• Inter- → Between

• Sub- → Below

40

Match the procedure with the correct prefix.

ProcedurePrefix_____costal nerve blockInter-_____cutaneous injectionSub-_____medullary nailingIntra-

• Intercostal

• Subcutaneous

• Intramedullary

50

Show three pictures:

• 💉 Injection under the skin
• 🦴 Nail inside a bone
• 🫁 Needle between the ribs

• Under the skin → Sub-

• Inside the bone → Intra-

• Between the ribs → Inter-

Suffix Challenge

10

Which surgical suffix means "surgical removal"?

ectomy

20

Which suffix means "creating a new opening (stoma)"

A. -otomy
B. -ostomy
C. -ectomy
D. -scopy  

-ostomy

30

Match the suffix with its meaning.

SuffixMeaning-plasty?-scopy?-pexy?

• -plasty → Surgical repair/reconstruction
• -scopy → Visual examination
• -pexy → Fixation

40

A patient has a large kidney stone. The surgeon crushes the stone into small fragments without removing the kidney.

Which surgical suffix best describes this procedure?

A. -lysis
B. -tripsy
C. -centesis
D. -desis

✅ -tripsy

Explanation: -tripsy means crushing, commonly used for breaking urinary or biliary stones (e.g., lithotripsy).

50

Question:

A patient undergoes surgery to repair a torn tendon after a sports injury. The surgeon carefully stitches the torn ends of the tendon together.

Which surgical term correctly describes this procedure?

A. Tenotomy
B. Tenorrhaphy
C. Tenodesis
D. Tenoscopy

✅ Tenorrhaphy

Explanation: -rrhaphy means suturing, so Tenorrhaphy is the surgical suturing of a tendon.