Immigration and Urbanization
What was Ellis Island primarily used for?
The main immigration processing station on the East Coast for millions of European immigrants.
What were tenements?
Overcrowded and unsanitary multi-family urban dwellings.
Who was Boss Tweed?
He was the leader of a corrupt political machine known as Tammany Hall in New York City.
What was the Haymarket Affair?
A violent labor protest in Chicago that led to increased anti-labor sentiment.
There were many major push factors that led people to immigrate to America. Name Three.
Poverty, famine, religious persecution, political oppression, and war.
What did Jacob Riis describe in his quote about tenements?
The poor living conditions, including foul air and dark, damp halls.
What was the main goal of the Knights of Labor?
To unite all workers and advocate for an eight-hour workday and equal pay for equal work.
What was the Pullman Strike?
A nationwide railroad strike that disrupted transportation and led to federal intervention.
What was Angel Island?
The "Ellis Island of the West," processing mostly Asian immigrants, particularly Chinese.
What was Hull House, and who founded it?
A settlement house founded by Jane Addams in Chicago.
What was the IWW?
A radical labor union that advocated for workers' rights and social revolution.
What did the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union fight for?
Better working conditions and pay for garment workers, mostly women.
What did the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 do?
It banned Chinese immigration for ten years and prevented Chinese immigrants from becoming naturalized citizens.
What was a sweatshop?
Factories with poor working conditions, low wages, and long hours.
Who led the American Federation of Labor (AFL)?
Samuel Gompers
What is considered the most positive result of the Great Chicago Fire of 1871?
It led to improvements in building codes and fire safety.
Describe two challenges cities faced due to rapid urbanization.
Overcrowding, poverty, disease, crime, or pollution.
What event led to reforms in workplace safety after a deadly fire in New York City?
The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire.
What was the nickname of the Industrial Workers of the World?
"Wobblies"
Who was Lewis Hine, and what did he document?
He was a photographer who documented child labor conditions.