The Black Death
This deadly disease killed millions in Europe between 1347–1351.
What is the Black Death (or bubonic plague)?
The Hundred Years’ War was mainly fought between these two countries.
What are England and France?
Towns grew larger largely because of this economic activity.
What is trade?
This was the most powerful religious institution in Europe at the time.
What is the Catholic Church?
Most people in the Late Middle Ages worked this job.
What is farming?
The Black Death was mostly spread by fleas carried by these animals.
What are rats?
This French teenager became a hero by inspiring French troops to victory.
Who is Joan of Arc?
This system of land ownership and loyalty continued to fade during the Late Middle Ages.
What is feudalism?
This leader was considered the head of the Church.
Who is the Pope?
These fortified buildings were designed to protect people during attacks — and sometimes had moats to keep enemies away.
What are castles?
Because so many workers died, this group gained more power and could demand better wages.
Who were peasants (or workers/serfs)?
This new weapon, used by English archers, could shoot arrows very far and with great force.
What is the longbow?
These communities protected traders and helped towns grow.
What are guilds?
These medieval “holy wars,” started centuries earlier, influenced trade and cultural contact.
What are the Crusades?
This giant, beautiful type of church had stained glass windows and pointed arches.
What is a cathedral?
Many Europeans believed the plague was punishment from this divine figure.
Who is God?
The war actually lasted this many years.
What is 116 Years?
These were important events because they brought together traders from many regions.
What are Markets or Fairs?
Many people went on these long journeys to visit holy places.
What are pilgrimages?
This English scholar argued that the Bible should be translated into English so everyone could read it.
Who is John Wycliffe?
This word describes the painful swellings caused by the plague.
What are buboes?
The war helped increase the power of these rulers as nations became more unified.
Who are kings (or monarchs)?
These skilled workers made shoes, tools, or goods and trained apprentices.
What are Masters?
Churches sometimes displayed these holy objects connected to saints; some were believed to have special powers.
What are relics?
This innovation of Gothic architecture transferred a building’s weight outward to exterior supports, allowing churches to reach new heights.
What is a flying buttress?