Black Death
This type of insect, often carried on rats, helped spread the plague across Europe.
What are fleas?
The division when multiple popes claimed authority at the same time is called this.
What is the Great Schism (Western Schism)?
The Hundred Years’ War was fought between these two countries.
What are England and France?
The Mongols who invaded and ruled Russia for over 200 years were known by this nickname.
Who were the Golden Horde?
This river, running through Kiev, became a vital trade route linking Eastern Europe to the Byzantine Empire.
What is the Dnieper River?
The Black Death traveled along this major trade network that connected Europe to Asia.
What is the Silk Road?
This English reformer, known as the “Morning Star of the Reformation,” criticized Church corruption and called for translating the Bible into English.
Who was John Wycliffe?
This weapon gave English armies a major advantage in the early battles of the war.
What is the longbow?
To keep their rule, Mongols allowed Russian princes to keep power as long as they paid this.
What is tribute?
This group of Scandinavian traders and warriors played a major role in the early development of Russia.
Who were the Varangians (Vikings)?
The plague most likely began in this region before spreading westward to Europe.
Answer: What is Asia (Central Asia/China)?
This Czech reformer, inspired by Wycliffe’s ideas, was executed for heresy, becoming a symbol of resistance against Church corruption.
Who was Jan Hus?
This French peasant girl claimed divine guidance, rallied French troops, and changed the course of the war.
Who was Joan of Arc?
This city eventually grew in strength under Mongol rule and later became the center of a unified Russia.
What is Moscow?
Missionaries Cyril and Methodius spread Christianity to the Slavs and created this alphabet.
What is the Cyrillic alphabet?
The collapse of population from the plague contributed to the eventual decline of this medieval social and economic system.
What is feudalism (or manorialism)?
This belief that the pope held supreme power over all secular rulers was increasingly challenged in the Late Middle Ages.
What is papal supremacy?
One major effect of the war was that French kings gained more power, while English kings lost control of this land.
What is French territory on the continent?
Mongol rule cut Russia off from these two regions, slowing its cultural and economic development.
What are Western Europe and Byzantium?
This city became the political and cultural center of early Russia before losing power to Moscow.
What is Kiev?
This group was often unfairly blamed for causing the plague, leading to persecution and violence.
Who were the Jews?
The Council of Constance (1414–1418) ended the Great Schism by doing this.
What is electing one pope and forcing the others to resign?
The Hundred Years’ War helped end this medieval system by weakening feudal lords and strengthening monarchies.
What is feudalism?
Under Mongol rule, this institution grew stronger in Russia because the Mongols tolerated it and even used it to help control the people.
What is the Russian Orthodox Church?
Eastern Europe became a crossroads of cultures because it was influenced by these three major civilizations.
What are the Byzantine Empire, Western Europe, and the Mongols?