Carthage & Punic Wars
This North African city became Rome’s greatest rival.
Carthage
Carthaginian general who crossed the Alps with elephants.
Hannibal
Hannibal’s greatest victory where Romans were surrounded.
Battle of Cannae
Government ruled by a small elite group.
Oligarchy
Caesar’s crossing that started civil war.
Crossing of the Rubicon
This island was the main cause of the First Punic War.
Sicily
Roman general who defeated Hannibal at Zama.
Scipio Africanus (Publius Cornelius Scipio)
Battle that ended the Second Punic War.
Battle of Zama
Roman governors of provinces.
Proconsuls
Reformer who tried to help poor Romans with land laws.
Tiberius Gracchus
Roman invention that turned sea battles into land battles.
The Corvus
Roman general known for avoiding direct battle with Hannibal
Fabius Maximus
War fought by Rome’s allies for citizenship rights.
The Social War
Three-man alliance of Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus.
First Triumvirate
Event marking the end of the Roman Republic.
Roman Civil War / rise of Augustus
Treaty dividing Spain between Rome and Carthage.
Ebro Treaty
Wealthy Roman who died after molten gold was poured down his throat.
Crassus
Battle where Caesar defeated Pompey.
Battle of Pharsalus
Military symbol shaped like an eagle.
Aquila
Assassination of Caesar took place here.
The Roman Senate
War where Carthage was completely destroyed
Third Punic War
The First Emperor of Rome.
Augustus Caesar
Naval battle where Octavian defeated Antony and Cleopatra.
Battle of Actium
List created by Sulla targeting enemies for death.
Proscription List
Group formed after Caesar’s death to hunt conspirators.
The Second Triumvirate