Conquest
What was the name of the Aztec capital conquered by the Spanish?
Tenochtitlan
What Indigenous group in Chile fought against the Spanish for hundreds of years?
Mapuche
This disease devastated Indigenous populations.
Smallpox
Who led the Spanish invasion of Guatemala?
Pedro de Alvarado
What happened to many Indigenous communities after Europeans arrived?
Many communities lost people and were disrupted
Which European country controlled Brazil?
Portugal
Did all Indigenous groups accepts Spanish rule peacefully?
What was the exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between Europe and the Americas called?
The Columbian Exchange
How many times did the Spanish try to invade Yucatán before successfully establishing a colony?
Three times
What did some Indigenous groups do instead of fighting the Europeans?
They cooperated or made alliances
What were the Spanish and Portuguese trying to gain from many areas they conquered?
Gold, land, and labor
What was one way Indigenous people resisted European rule?
This system required Indigenous people to provide labor and tribute.
Encomienda
This Inca ruler was captured and executed by the Spanish in 1572.
Túpac Amaru
Why did some Indigenous groups make alliances with the Spanish?
Some Indigenous groups wanted protection or wanted to gain an advantage against other groups.
Was the conquest of Latin America quick or did it take a long time?
It took a long time.
This 1680 uprising drove the Spanish out of New Mexico for more than a decade.
Pueblo Revolt
This was the Spanish idea of bringing Indigenous people under Spanish rule, Christianity, and taxation.
Pacification
This leader started a major uprising in eastern Peru in 1742.
Juan Santos Atahualpa
What was one way Indigenous people tried to maintain their independence?
They resisted European control
Why did the Spanish and Portuguese have trouble controlling some areas?
Indigenous resistance and difficult geography.
This group remained independent in parts of Yucatán until the Spanish conquered their kingdom in 1697.
Itza Maya
In many parts of the Americas, population losses from disease, warfare, and other effects reached approximately this percentage.
90%
Who wrote an account about the execution of Túpac Amaru?
Baltasar de Ocampo
Why is it inaccurate to say that Europeans immediately took complete control of Latin America?
Indigenous groups continued resisting and remained independent in some areas for a long time