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100
Who brought the influence of Enlightenment ideas to America?

Creole students and Spanish directors of trading companies

100

When did the Independence movements begin?

During the Spanish wars of Independence, when the colonies refused to accept Joseph II as King of Spain

100

The consequences of Latin American independence were disastrous for which country?

Spain

100

Who led the social uprising of Indians and Mestizos in New Spain?

a preist called Hidalgo

200

Which other Revolutions encouraged colonists to fight for their own freedom?

The American Revolution, The French Revolution and the Spanish War of Independence

200

What are the 3 Viceroyalties who formed uprisings for Independence?

Viceroyalty of New Spain (Mexico), Viceroyalty of New Granada (Santa Fe de Bogota), Viceroyalty of Rio de la Plata (Buenos Aires)

200
Which 3 countries were formed as a result of Latin American independence?

Venezuela, Argentina and Mexico

200

Who a liberal bourgeois revolution in New Granada which ended with the proclamation of the First Venezuelan Republic?

Simon Bolivar

300
What does the word "Creole" mean?

A descendant of European settlers born in a Spanish, Portuguese or French colony

300

Which two military victories led to Chile's independence?

Chacabuco and Maipu

300

Who gained political and economic power in the Americas after they gained independence?

The Creole Bourgeoisie

300

Who led a series of revolts which spread from Argentina, across Chile, Uruguay and to the Viceroyalty of Peru?

General Jose de San Martin

400
Which country gave financial assistance to supporters of independence because they wanted to end Spain's dominance of trade in America?

Great Britain

400

After Simon Bolivar defeated the Spanish at Carabobo and Pichincha, he established which colony?

Gran Colombia, which is made up of present-day Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador

400

Why did Spain's economy suffer post Latin American independence? Give 2 reasons.

1. Spain lost it's monopoly over the American territories

2. The crown stopped receiving large amounts of riches from the Americas (including precious metals, colonial products and taxes)

400

Who sent American troops to America to end the revolts?

Fernando VII

500

Who wanted political and economic control of the colonies and an end on their trade dependence on Spain?

The Creole Bourgoisie

500
During the first half of the 19th century, all of Spain's American colonies had achieved independence except for which two?

Cuba and Puerto Rico

500

What was the purpose of the Monroe Doctrine in 1823?

The USA warned Great Britain not to interfere with the newly independent Americas. However, British influence was gradually replaced by US influence.

500

Which U.S. President issued the Monroe Doctrine in 1823?

James Monroe