Toussaint L'Ouverture
Toussaint was from what country?
Haiti
Which social class would be "American by birth and European by law"?
Creoles
What frightened Creoles in Spanish America?
The slave revolt in Haiti.
Who was Tupac Amaru?
A Native American who lead a revolt against the Spanish.
How many countries made up the United Provinces of Central America?
5
What condition was Toussaint born into?
Slavery
To whom is Simon Bolivar referring to when he says "invaders"?
The Spanish
What did Father Hidalgo call on Mexicans to do in his "el Grito de Dolores" speech?
To fight for independence and liberty.
What did Simon Bolivar dream of?
Winning independence from Spain
Which country was the first to gain independence?
Haiti
Why was he called the "Black Napoleon"?
He led a successful slave revolt in Haiti.
Which dual conflict does Bolivar describe?
Against the Native Americans/Indians and the Spanish.
How did the Creoles react to the revolt?
At first some supported it, but then rejected the calls to end slavery and for Native American reforms.
What was Bolivar's daring plan?
March his army over the Andes and attack the Spanish at Bogota'.
Which country was a former Portuguese colony?
Brazil
What was the tone of Toussaint's letter to the French Directory?
Warning
What is the difference between a Creole and a peninsulare?
Creoles were born in the Americans while peninsulares were born in Spain.
How did Agustin de Iturbide respond to the Spanish constitution of 1820?
Backed by Creoles, Mestizos, and Native Americans he overthrew Spanish rule in Mexico.
Who was Jose de San Martin?
A Creole who fought against the Spanish in Chile and Argentina.
Which countries made up Gran Colombia?
Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador
What does Toussaint say would happen if the French tried to reestablish slavery?
The Blacks would feel resentful.
What power did the Creoles NOT have?
Political power
What countries did the United Provinces of Central America fragment into?
Guatemala, Nicaragua, Honduras, El Salvador, Costa Rica
How did Brazil gain independence?
A Portuguese prince declared independence from Portugal.
Which present day Central-American country gained its independence from Colombia in the early 1900's?
Panama