LATIN vocabulary
copia, copiae
supply, abundance
salvation
salus, salutis
present, 1st, 2nd, 3rd person singular
-o, -is, it
The Senate praises Caesar because he fights for the Roman people in the Gauls territory
Senatus Caesarem laudat quod is pro populo Romano in finibus Gallorum pugnat.
How many verb principal parts are there
There are four parts of the verb called principal parts because all the others are formed on them or their stems.
adventus, adventus
arrival, comming
mountain
mons, montis
imperfect 1st, 2nd, 3rd person endings
-ebam, ebas, ebat
The Gauls were not friends of the Romans. They were not giving them grain, and they were not praising them.
Galli non amiciRomanorum erant. Galli eis frumentum non dabant, et eos non laudabant.
Name the 4 principal parts
Present indicative
Present infinitive
Perfect indicative
Perfect participle passive
murus, muri
wall
attack
impetus, impetus
present 1st, 2nd, 3rd person plural endings
-imus, itis, unt
Christ is the light of the world and the salvation of all men.
Christus lux mundi et salus omnium hominum est.
How is the present stems found
The present stems are found by dropping the ending of the preset infinitive active.
frumentum, frumenti
grain, crops
faith
fides, fidei
imperfect 1st, 2nd, 3rd person plural endings
-ebamus, -ebatis, -ebant
The Gauls often made an attack on the Roman columns, but the Romans were withstanding their attacks.
Gali impetum in agmina Romana saepe fecerunt, sed Romani impetus eorum sustinebant.
How is the perfect stem found
The perfect stem is found by dropping the ending of the perfect indicative.
agmen, agminis
column (of soldiers)
hope
spes, spei
future 1st, 2nd, 3rd person singular endings
-am, -es, -et
The winter quarters of the Romans were in the territory of the enemy. The enemy were attacking and seizing them.
Hiberna Romanorum in finibus hostium erant. Hostes ea oppugnabant et occupabant.
How do you find adverbs from adjectives
To form adverbs from adjectives of the first and second declension, add-e to the STEM.