Ways of Thinking (or Not) About Enslavement
Nikole Hannah-Jones is the primary author of this NY Times initiative that has come under attack by conservative factions, some of whom attempted to ban legislation ensuring this work would not be taught in schools.
What is the 1619 Project?
Because of the horrific conditions, of more than 12.5 million Africans kidnapped and trafficked through the Transatlantic Slave Trade, only 10.7 million survived this journey.
What is the Middle Passage?
In this 2008 lawsuit, plaintiff sued her employer for employment discrimination on the basis of race and national origin.
What is Abdullahi v. Prada?
This constitutional provision guaranteed that enslaved people were a mixture of people and property. It was invalidated by the 13th and 14th Amendments.
What is the three-fifths clause?
This group of enslaved Africans revolted against their Spanish captors, and defended their right to be free in federal court. Their case went all the way up to the Supreme Court in 1841.
Who are the Mende?
This concept by Christina Sharpe refers to the quotidian, orthographic, and material dimensions that shape Black people.
What is "in the wake"?
This formerly enslaved person wrote his account account of being kidnapped, sold, and subjected to a life of enslavement in 1789.
Who is Olaudah Equino?
This law of racial hypodescent assigned mixed people to Blackness.
What is the one-drop rule?
This former head of the Civil Rights Division of the Dept. of Justice disagreed with Justice Thurgood Marshall's view of the Constitution.
Who is William Bradford Reynolds?
In 1857, this plaintiff ran away from her enslaver, filing suit for her freedom in Louisiana.
Who is Alexina Morrison?
The title of this Executive Order that aims to censor the National Museum of African American History and Culture (the "Blacksonian") and "corrosive" "improper ideology" or "divisive concepts" that "rewrite" history.
What is "Restoring Truth and Sanity to American History"?
The Zong massacre was committed to collect payment from this type of fraud.
What is insurance fraud?
In racial identity trials, the Court often called forth this type of testimony from medical professionals to determine whether the individuals in question were in fact white.
What is expert testimony?
This state passed one of the very first abolition laws.
What is Pennsylvania?
The Virginia slave code was revised in part because this person successfully sued for freedom on behalf of herself and her son in 1656.
Who is Elizabeth Keye Grinstead?
"Skewed life chances, limited access to health and education, premature death, incarceration, and impoverishment" are all examples of a concept coined by this MacArthur Genius Fellow and Columbia University scholar.
Who is Saidiya Hartman?
This ancient society had the same percentage of enslaved population as the U.S.
What is Greece?
The 1724 restrictive law that ruled Louisiana and prohibited interracial marriage .
What is Code Noir?
Justice Thurgood Marshall disagreed with this type of constitutional interpretation in his reflections on the bicentennial of the Constitution.
What is originalism?
Judge Lumpkin ruled that because this person was a man of color, he had no legal right to convey slaves and was barred from doing so. As a result, any sale or transfer made after his death was null and void.
Who is Joseph Nunez?
What is partus sequitur ventrum?
The largest number of enslaved people in the Transatlantic slave trade went to this country.
What is Brazil?
In Cuba, this group of people occupied a liminal space in which they were not quite enslaved but not quite freed because of the legal arrangement between themselves and their enslavers.
Who are "coartados"?
The length of time the founders "compromised" on in order to gradually abolish slavery in the states.
What is twenty years?
The plaintiff in the 1857 infamous Supreme Court decision claimed that he was a citizen of this state.
What is Missouri?