Search & Seizure
What amendment protects citizens from unreasonable searches and seizures?
4th
PA Vehicle Code is Title
75
What is “reasonable suspicion”?
Specific facts leading an officer to suspect criminal activity is afoot
What case requires officers to read Miranda warnings before custodial interrogation?
Miranda v. Arizona
On a traffic stop, what is the first thing you do?
Mark out with your location
If you smell marijuana coming from a car, can you search it without a warrant?
Yes, vehicle exception allows it with probable cause
Can you order passengers out of the car for officer safety?
Yes.
What is “probable cause”?
Facts/circumstances that would make a reasonable person believe a crime was committed
What case limited police use of deadly force against fleeing suspects?
Tennessee v. Garner
Why do you “print” the vehicle trunk when you do a traffic stop”?
Leaves physical evidence you were there if something happenes.
What case established the legal precedent for stop-and-frisk?
Terry v. Ohio 1968
True or False: You can search a car because the driver was speeding.
False, speeding alone is not probable cause to search a vehicle.
Name one element of a crime.
Actus Reus (Act), Mens Rea (Intent), Concurrence, Causation, Harm
What case allows officers to stop and frisk based on reasonable suspicion?
Terry v. Ohio
What is the first priority when arriving at a crime scene?
Officer safety / securing the scene
What U.S. Supreme Court case ruled that evidence seized during an unlawful search, violating the Fourth Amendment's?
Mapp v. Ohio 1961
What are the three things you must ask for during a traffic stop?
License, Registration, Proof of Insurance
PA Crimes Code is Title
Title 18
What caselaw established the standard of "Objective Reasonableness"?
Graham v. Conner
Why do officers maintain a “reactionary gap”?
Gives time to react to sudden threats
Name one exception to the search warrant requirement.
Consent, Plain View, Exigent Circumstances, Vehicle Exception, Search Incident to Arrest, Hot Pursuit
On a traffic stop, after obtaining the Driver License and returning to your vehicle what do you immediately do next?
Run the Drivers License information to see if they have warrants or suspended.
Crimes are broken into 3 categories in PA
Felony, Misdemeanor, and summary offenses.
What caselaw established the "Plain View Doctrine"
Texas v. Brown (1983)
During a pat-down of a suspect, you feel what you believe is a weapon. Should you ask them to remove it for you?
NO. You immediately remove the weapon.