Miranda and Confessions
The _____ exception allows police to question suspects without first giving the Miranda warning.
public safety exception
To be constitutional, searches and seizures must be based on __________.
probable cause.
A gang's geographic territory is also known as its _____.
turf.
Terrorism.
One of the most important discretionary options police officers have is whether to __________.
arrest someone.
The "harmless error" doctrine applies to cases involving the admissibility of ____________.
involuntary confessions.
According to the text, when a search is conducted with consent, the consent must be _________.
free and voluntary.
According to your textbook, the most important risk factor in the formation of a gang member is probably _____.
family structure.
The first guiding principle of the Department of Homeland Security is _________.
protect civil rights and civil liberties.
Pepper spray is an example of which level of force used by police officers?
less-lethal force.
The Miranda warning must be given to suspects who are __________.
When police officers detain a suspect with reasonable suspicion, it is called what _________.
detention or stop
The largest number of gang members belong to which type of gang?
neighborhood gangs.
Anthrax, botulism, smallpox, and salmonella are examples of what type of terrorism?
bioterrorism.
The application of force greater than that required to compel compliance from a subject is called _______.
excessive force.
The defense of comes into play when the government’s deception actually implants the criminal design in the mind of the defendant.
entrapment
The basic legal considerations in a "stop and frisk" situation were set forth in the landmark Supreme Court decision of ________.
Terry v. Ohio (1968)
Is female gang involvement increasing, decreasing, or remaining the same?
increasing.
A set of preparedness concepts and principles for all hazards.
The National Incident Management System (NIMS)
Which case set the standard for liability in police pursuits?
County of Sacramento v. Lewis
What are the requirements for a suspect to waive his or her right against self-incrimination and talk to police officers?
The waiver must be:
voluntary and preceded by the Miranda warnings
The suspect must:
understand what rights are being given up along with the consequences.
The precedent for a warrantless search of an automobile resulted from which Supreme Court decision?
Carroll v. United States (1925)
Many experts consider _____ the most feared street gang.
MS-13
Which law did the following:
made it a federal crime to commit an act of terrorism against a mass transit system.
expands the FBI’s wiretapping and electronic surveillance authority.
makes it a criminal offense to impede law enforcements’ efforts to board vessels.
USA PATRIOT Act
The legal obligation incurred for an injury suffered as the result of the failure to conduct a specific task within a given standard is _______.
liability