This Jamaican-British philosopher made waves in the field by controversially arguing that most dominant moral philosophies ideologically upheld the status quo.
Who was Charles Mills?
The First Amendment to the Constitution applies to THIS ENTITY's acts limiting speech
What is the government (including government-run institutions))?
Publishing the words "this bakery served moldy cake to my little sister and made her sick" could potentially be the start of a defamation suit (while publishing the words "this baker served a nasty cake to my little sister" probably could not) because the first statement is this:
what is "a statement of fact"
What is "not an opinion"
This right has been described by the Supreme Court as "Penumbral" - meaning that it is not named specifically in the Constitution or its Amendments, but it exists "in the shadow of" the rights that are named.
What is "Privacy"?
Copyright's goal and justification, according to the US Constitution, is to promote this
(or "the progress of science and the useful arts")
Judging ethical outcomes by evaluating which one results in the greatest happiness for the most people
What is utilitarianism?
MEDIA REGULATION DETOUR
This guy's policies of deregulation led to a few big companies buying up the majority of media outlets, dramatically reducing diversity of ownership and content.
Who is Reagan
Alongside being a statement of fact, causing actual harm to someone's reputation, being published, and having either negligence or malicious intent, defamatory words must also have this characteristic (or be this)..
What is Untrue!
What is A lie!
What is False!
Pennsylvania is one of these, where both (or all) participants in a conversation must agree to the act of recording for it to be legal
what is a "two-party consent state"?
This defense against infringement invites judges to consider four factors: Factor 1: The Purpose and Character of the Use; Factor 2: The Nature of the Copyrighted Work; Factor 3: The Amount or Substantiality of the Portion Used; Factor 4: The Effect of the Use on the Potential Market for or Value of the Work
what is "Fair Use"
This widely known model of an ethical dilemma illustrates an ethical issue in isolation but also encourages us to ignore the role that society's institutions play in shaping what choices are available to us
What is the trolley problem?
At the federal level, this kind of speech is not illegal, even though many people find it offensive or harmful, and some state laws do ban it
What is "hate speech"?
A person who has more ability to repair their own reputation, better access to public platforms, and thus is held to a higher standard when suing someone for defamation is this kind of person.
What is a public figure?
What is a famous person?
This never-built device, conceived by Jeremy Bentham, was a prison designed so that prisoners could never tell if they were being watched or not. Its goal was to used the threat of surveillance make prisoners police THEMSELVES
what is "the Panopticon"?
This musical practice of reusing fragments of a piece of music, made much easier and more visible by digital technologies, has led to many copyright lawsuits in the past 20 years
What is "sampling"
This ethical framework was developed by feminist philosophers and suggests we should see an act as ethical when it is addressed towards whoever is most oppressed or needs the most help.
What is "Care Ethics" or "Ethics of care"?
These groups of people face disproportionately high levels of harassment on all social media platforms, leading to a conundrum for free speech advocates who are serious about facilitating freedom of speech for all.
Who are Women, Black/Indigenous/People of color, queer, trans and non-gender-conforming people (& any combinations of the above).
(any one from the above list is acceptable)
This part of the Communications Decency Act protects internet service providers from lawsuits over what their users post, including when they post defamatory content!
What is Section 230?
This event was used as a justification for Congress to quickly pass a series of laws dramatically expanding government's legal rights to surveill its own citizens (and foreign citizens too), including monitoring phone and email communications, collecting bank and credit reporting records, and track people's activity online.
What is 9/11?
These artists both make something traditionally defended by fair use, and so don't need permission.
What is a PARODY
When it comes to matters of bodily autonomy (the right to have dignity and control over your own body), this ethical framework is most appropriate to use.
FREE ANSWER
The globally networked and often decentralized aspects of digital media has made it harder for obscenity complaints because it is difficult to identify whether it has violated these standardss
These networked digital platforms for self-promotion have made it harder to define whether someone is a public figure.
what is "social media"
Changing technologies that make it easier for companies, the government, and other people to invade someone's personal space have tended to reduce this expectation in the minds of more people, making it harder for courts to protect it
what is the "expectation of privacy"?
These musical traditions, according to KJ Greene, have not been widely protected by copyright law, at least in part because the law doesn't fit the traditions very well
what are Black musical traditions?