Terminology
This term refers to the idea in Canadian law that the prosecution is the one with the burden to provide proof of an offence
What is Onus? (Burden of Proof)
This defence is used when an act was done to avoid a greater imminent threat
What is necessity?
This level of government has jurisdiction over criminal law
What is The Federal Government?
The inclusion of this aspect turns general intent into specific intent
What is intention for a consequence of an action?
This is the type of offence you would be charged with if you murder someone
What is an indictable offence?
Officers require this to make a proper arrest
What is probable cause?
This defence is used when someone was forced to do something under threat
What is duress?
What is Hammurabi's Code?
The difference between aiding and abetting
What is helping commit an action, and encouraging an action?
This is the degree of murder you would be charged with if you accidentally kill an officer
What is first degree murder?
Define and explain Actus reus, and Mens rea
Actus reus - "Guilty Act" - The physical act or omission that constitutes the crime itself
Mens rea - "Guilty Mind" - The mental state of the accused during said action/omission
This is a term for a defence used when someone commits an act against someone who subjected them to harm
What is battered woman syndrome?
These are the 3 levels of policing in Canada
What is Municipal (Regional services), Provincial (OPP) and Federal (RCMP)?
This is what the terms Substantive and Procedural law mean
What is Establishing the legal framework, and governing the processes of that framework?
This is probable cause to be searched by an officer
What is contraband in view, or the smelling of alcohol or drugs?
This is the difference between strict and absolute liability
What is proving they acted with due diligence? (Strict liability)
This is a defence that is used when someone commits a crime under encouragement from law enforcement
What is entrapment?
This system of policing is the idea that police openly being around areas with a high crime rate will in turn lower crime rates
What is broken windows policing?
The name for the effect of when police face backlash due to broken-windows policing and as a result hesitate to engage
What is the Ferguson effect?
This is the type of intent when someone intends to burn someones house down to get revenge for a past injustice
What is specific intent?
This type of offence is where the prosecution can decide between pursuing a summary or indictable conviction
(Examples include assault, impaired driving, and theft under $5000)
What is a hybrid offence?
What is automatism?
The constitution (Canada) act, The BNA Act, The Statute of Westminster are in what chronological order?
When is The BNA Act (1867), The Statute of Westminster (1931), and The Canada Act (1982)?
These are the rights you have upon being detained/arrested
What are the right to be informed, the right to counsel, the right to remain silent, and the right to habeas corpus?
You would be charged with this crime if you help a known criminal
What is accessory after the fact?