The 4th Amendment
According to the exclusionary rule...
Illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in court
Provides private property owners with ‘just compensation’ if the government takes away their private property in order to satisfy an important public interest or need
EMINENT DOMAIN
True or False: Juveniles who murder can never serve life without parole as a result of the Court's decision in Miller v. Alabama
FALSE
What is the meaning of the 9th Amendment?
Grants to Americans those rights not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution
In the Supreme Court case New Jersey v. TLO (1985), the Supreme Court decided that instead of probable cause, school officials only require ______ in order to search a student
REASONABLE SUSPICION
A guarantee that all legal proceedings will be fair and that one will be given notice of the proceedings and an opportunity to be heard before the government acts to take away one's life, liberty, and/or property
DUE PROCESS
In the Supreme Court case Miller v. Alabama (2012), Evan Miller was sentenced to life without parole for
Murdering a person and burning their trailer
What is the meaning of the 10th Amendment?
Powers not listed (in the Constitution) as belonging to the federal government belong to the states/local governments or the 'people' instead
In Safford Unified School District v. Redding, student Savana Redding accused her school of violating her 4th Amendment rights when...
She was strip-searched by school administration and employees
A popular term used to describe when a person chooses to remain silent during custodial interrogation
TO PLEAD THE 5TH
Fill in the blank: In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed ___________ dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved..."
20
The text of the 10th Amendment is largely inspired by this important historical document
The Articles of Confederation
The Supreme Court declared stop-and-frisk to be constitutional in deciding this famous case
TERRY V OHIO
Clarence Gideon was denied a lawyer for his initial trial because
At the time of his trial, the state of Florida only provided free legal counsel to those accused of a capital crime
List 2 or more differences between civil courts and criminal courts
Public defenders only provided in criminal court + Jail time is a possible consequence only in criminal court + Preponderance of Evidence standard (civil) vs. Beyond a Reasonable Doubt (criminal) + Disagreement between two people (civil) v. the state against a person (criminal)
What is a synonym (a similar word) for the word ‘enumeration’ in the 9th Amendment? “The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.”
Listing / Mentioning
List 3 arguments AGAINST NYC's Stop-and-Frisk policy
Officers often stop people without stating a reason + Vast majority of people stopped were completely innocent + Reduced trust in law enforcement + Racial discrimination
An important consequence of the Supreme Court’s unanimous decision in Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) was…
Legal counsel must be provided to those who cannot afford a lawyer in all criminal cases, whether in state court or in federal court
List 2 or more arguments against the death penalty
Killing does not fix anything + Our justice system is biased against people of color and poor people + Innocent people are sometimes executed + No evidence that death penalty reduces crime + The death penalty process is expensive and time-consuming (death row)
The Federalists were originally against the idea of adding a Bill of Rights to the Constitution because
They were concerned that adding a Bill of Rights would be viewed/interpreted as meaning that Americans possessed no other rights besides those stated in the Bill of Rights