The pre-conventional level
Between what ages is the pre-conventional stage set?
Between 3-7 years old.
Between what ages is the conventional stage set?
8-13 years old
Between what ages is the Postconventional or principled level set?
Adulthood
What is the morality of pre-conventional level controlled by?
Morality is externally controlled, by authority figures.
The emphasis shifts from self-interest to...
Relationships with other people and social systems.
What is the morality of pre-conventional level controlled by?
Morality is defined in terms of abstract principles and values that apply to all situations and societies.
What are the two phases of the pre-conventional stage?
Stage 1: Punishment/obedience orientation
Stage 2: Instrumental purpose orientation
What are the two phases of the conventional stage?
Stage 3: Good Boy/Nice Girl orientation
Stage 4: Law and order orientation
What are the two phases of the post-conventional stage?
Stage 5: Social contract orientation
Stage 6: Universal ethical principle orientation
Behaviour is determined by consequences. The individual will obey in order to avoid punishment.
Punishment/obedience orientation
Social rules and laws determine behaviour...
Law and order orientation
Individual rights determine behaviour...
Social contract orientation
Behaviour is determined again by consequences. The individual focuses on receiving rewards or satisfying personal needs.
Instrumental purpose orientation
Behaviour is determined by social approval...
Good Boy/Nice Girl orientation
The appropriate action is determined by one’s self-chosen ethical principles of conscience...
Universal ethical principle orientation