Mongol Khanates
Who unified the Mongols?
Genghis Khan
What does "Qing" mean?
Pure
Around what time period / c.a. what historical event did the Ottoman Empire collapse?
World War I (1914-1918)
Describe Safavid policies concerning the jizya.
Charged on all non-Shi'a Muslims
(i.e., Sunnis had to pay)
Compare Mughal emperors: Akbar and Aurangzeb.
Akbar: good :)
Aurangzeb: bas :/
Name the 4 Mongol Khanates.
Chagatai Khanate (Central Asia) (Chagatai)
Ilkhanate (Persia) (Hulegu)
Khanate of the Golden Horde (Russia) (Batu)
Khanate of the Great Khan / Yuan Dynasty (China) (Kublai)
TRUE OR FALSE:
The Qing Dynasty / Manchu Empire was the last dynastic government in China.
TRUE - we will see in Unit 6
Compare Ottoman and Safavid motives for imperial expansion.
O: Control Trade
S: Spread Shi'a Islam
Were the Safavids Sunni or Shi'a Muslim, and what does that mean they believe?
Shi'a - believed leaders of Islamic states had to be blood relatives of Muhammad.
Describe policies of religious tolerance in the Mughal Empire.
- no jizya on Hindus
- respected/left the caste system
- zamindars could be any ethnicity or religion
Explain how the formation of the Mongol Empire lead to a revival in Silk Road trade.
Unification of a large empire =
- stimulated communication along old silk road routes
- provided peaceful context for commerce
- successful governance = more economic activity
Describe the Canton System.
One port for foreign merchants, motivated by ethnocentrism
Identify THREE reasons for the collapse of the Ottoman Empire.
- Weak/spendy sultans
- Financial burden of military
- Continued losses (e.g. Vienna, Greek independence)
- WWI
Describe the eastern and western border conflicts faced by the Safavid Empire.
East: Uzbeks
West: Ottomans
Describe Din-I Ilahi.
Universal, divine faith that blended belief systems present in Mughal Empire (didn’t catch on)
Describe internal uprisings that occurred in two Mongol Khanates.
Golden Horde: Russian city states band together to overthrow Mongol rule
Chagatai Khanate: Turco-Mongol uprising led by Timur leads to loss of Western half of Chagatai Khanate, Eastern Half crumbles politically afterwards
DOUBLE JEOPARDY
Identify two Chinese administrative practices that Manchus maintained during the Qing Dynasty.
- Confucianism / Confucian Bureaucracy
- Civil Service Exams
- Use of term "dynasty"
- Taxation to fund governance and/or expansion
Explain the ottoman practices and Devshirme and tax farming.
Devshirme: human tribute system of sorts, Christian boys were recruited, indoctrinated/converted, and trained to fight in the military
Tax farming: Tax collectors bid to collect $$ in certain areas. Got to keep a portion of the taxes. Led to a lot of corruption.
Compare Ottoman and Safavid powers concerning trade.
Ottomans basically had a trade monopoly in important regions with land and sea routes that linked large areas.
Ottoman embargo on Safavid shows power and control.
Safavids traded with Europeans (weapons) but weren't trade bosses by any means.
Identify TWO administrative changes Aurangzeb instituted at the beginning of his reign.
- Sharia Law
- Jizya for all non-Muslims
- Expansion
Analyze how the collapse of the Mongol Empire (1206 - 1368) led to the rise of new land-based empires in the period c. 1450 - 1700.
Each Khanate fell at different times for different reasons (various rebellions / bubonic plague for ilkhanate). The loss of central government created a POWER VACUUM. New land-based empires rose and seized power, starting new eras of governance in the regions that used to be held by the Mongols. Manchu overthrew weak in-between Ming gov't in China. Ottoman, Safavid, Mughal took Dar al-Islam and surrounding territories, stretching from India to North Africa and Europe.
Evaluate Manchu's goal of "purifying Chinese culture" considering the administrative policies they enforced.
Manchu had a valid goal in wanting to purify China - Chinese culture had changed and foreign trade had increased under the Mongols, which contradicted conservative, ethnocentric perspectives. Qing did good by reducing trade to one port and using CSEs, HOWEVER they were quite hypocritical. They were non-Chinese rulers who invaded China, they forced Chinese to adopt Manchu language and education, made men wear the queue hairstyle as a symbol of submission, AND they did not allow Chinese migration to Manchuria because they thought Chinese people would pollute Manchu culture. So a lot of contradictions in their vision vs practice.
DOUBLE JEOPARDY
Analyze the roles of Mehmed II and Suleiman I in the expansion of the Ottoman Empire.
Mehmed II: Constantinople (Istanbul), Balkans, Lands Surrounding Black Sea
Suleiman I: North Africa, Hungary, *attempts to take Vienna and more of Europe but fails*
Explain TWO reasons for the fall of the Safavid Empire.
- REQUIRED: Sunni Rebellion
- Financial burden of border conflict
- Poor leadership
Everyone in the group get up and do the chicken dance for 12 seconds (on Ms. Knickel's mark). Ms. K gets to video. You have the right to decline without losing any points from your current score, but you may not choose another tile.
hehe
hehe