Vocabulary
Changing existing schemes to incorporate new information
What is Accommodation?
Philosophy of education that led to the concept of Child-centered curriculum or progressive education. Curriculum built on Children's interests.
Who is John Dewey (1966)?
Constructivist Theory.
A theory that views learning as an active process by which children construct knowledge to learn by problem solving, guessing, and approximating.
Children develop at different stages. Sensorimotor (0-2 years) Preoperational (2-7), Concrete operational (7-11) Formal operations (11- adult) Learn by interacting with world. (Assimilation/Accommodation)
Who is Jean Piaget's (1969)
DAP
What are developmentally appropriate practices.
Incorporating information into already existing schemes.
What is Assimilation?
Philosophy that early child's education should be natural. Learn things for which they are developmentally ready. Children learn through curiosity. Little adult intervention as possible.
Who is Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778).
The focus is in the need of children, rather than those of others involved in the process, such as teachers and administrators.
What is child-centered curriculum (progressive education)?
Maria Montessory -Senses and Systems
Curriculum learning reading and math using manipulatives, Children use their senses to learn skills. Curiosity and exploration are of less concern than working with a material to achieve a goal.
CCSS
What are Common Core State Standards?
Marie Clay, refers a child's early unconventional attempts at reading, writing, and listening.
What is emergent literacy?
Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi 1746-1827).
Believed in natural learning and added+ another dimension. Natural learning combined with informal instruction. Children cannot learn on their own. He designed lessons with sensory manipulative experiences (touch, smell, language, size, shape)
Explicit Instruction
Teacher directed strategy with emphasis on teaching a task and the specific steps need to master it
Learning occurs as children acquire new concepts. Zone of Proximal development /Schema-Scaffolding
Who is Lev S. Vygotsky's?
NCLB
What is No Child Left Behind Act?
A strategy in which teachers provide children with modeling and support to help them acquire a skill.
What is Scaffolding?
Friedrich Wilhelm Froebel 1782-1852
Who believed in the natural unfolding of a child. Stressed the importance of play in learning. Teacher is the designer of playful activities to facilitate learning. 1st to design a systematic curriculum. (circle time, children songs) Coined term Kindergarten (Children's garden)
A mental structure in which a person organizes and stores information he or she knows.
What is schema?
Difference between Constructivist and Explicit Behaviorist approaches.
Constructivist-construct knowledge to learn by problem solving, guessing, and approximating.
Behaviorist - children learn through imitation and encouraged by positive reinforcement.
IRA
What is the International Reading Association?
Reading Readiness
Skills considered prerequisite in learning to read (auditory discrimination, visual discrimination, motor skills).
B.F. Skinner (1954)
Behaviorism-Approach that child's learning is a change in behavior caused by a response to stimulus. We learn through imitation, association, and conditioning. Direct Instruction, skills based, little time for social, emotional, for physical development.
An approach to literacy instruction that links reading writing. listening, and language skills.
What is integrated language arts?
Balanced Approach to literacy instruction
What is matching learning styles of children. Constructivist and explicit strategies are used.
Whole Language Instruction
What is use of real literature, with concurrent instruction of reading, writing, and oral language in meaningful, functional, and cooperative contexts.