Evolution
What are the three principles of Natural Selection?
Variation, competition, Inheritance
Is self-fertilization a type of sexual or asexual reproduction?
Sexual Reproduction
What is the definition of a "monophyletic" grouping?
A common ancestor and all of its descendents
Name three types of "soma" cells
Kidney, bone, heart, lung, skin, neurons, etc.
What are the four Eukaryotic Kingdoms?
Plants, Animals, Fungi, and Protists
Why is phenotypic variation essential for a population to evolve via natural selection?
A population must consist of individuals with different traits so that the most advantageous of those traits gets passed on to the next generation.
Name one structure larger than DNA, but smaller than the nucleus
Chromosomes
Name three paraphyletic groupings we discussed in class
Fish, trees, multi-cellular organisms, etc.
What is the cellular cause of 'aging'?
What two phenotypic traits are found only in Eukaryotes?
The nucleus, and multi-cellular organisms
Describe the effect of "selection" on the variation of traits in a population.
Selection reduces the degree of variation in a population
What is a "gene"?
Which group of mammals lays eggs?
Monotremes
What structures act as the primary functional unit of a cell?
Proteins
What sub-grouping of plants has the most members?
Angiosperms
What is the formal definition of a "mutation"?
An error during replication
What was the final definition of the "genotype" offered in this course?
The genotype consisted of "inherited replicators"
Name two homologous traits and two analogous traits
Multiple Options
What subcellular structure enables germ cells to be theoretical "immortal" by replicating infinitely?
Telomerase
Why is fungus mycelia NOT considered "vascular tissue"?
What is the primary cause of evolution in the absence of natural selection?
Genetic drift
Describe one thing which was INCORRECT about Mendel's Laws
Dominance does not always occur.
Some genes are linked by close association on a chromosome
Genes are indeterminate with respect to phenotype
What is the definition of a "species"?
A group of mutually reproducing organisms whose offspring can also reproduce with each other.
In "single-cellular" organisms such as bacteria and archaea, a whole organisms consists of just a single cell. Is that cell best described as a soma cell or a germ cell?
Germ cell
What phenotypic trait is common to all animals?
All animals possess a nervous system