Vocabulary
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Cell Division
Everything!
100
Define autotroph.
An organism that can produce its own food.
100
What is photosynthesis?
A process to use light energy to make food.
100
Where does cellular respiration take place?
Mitochondria
100
How many daughter cells are made after a cell goes through cell division?
2
100
What process occurs when there is no oxygen present for cellular respiration?
Fermentation
or
anaerobic respiration
200
Define chlorophyll.
A pigment found in plants that can absorb sunlight.
200
Give an example of autotrophic nutrition.
An apple tree making its own food
200
What are the inputs of cellular respiration?
oxygen and sugar
200
True or false: Mitosis produces two daughter cells that are not genetically the same.
False - they are genetically the same!
200
This phase of mitosis is when the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
Metaphase
300
What is the cell cycle?
Series of events that a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells.
300
What structure in a cell would indicate it is a plant cell?
Chlorophyll
300
What are the outputs of cellular respiration?
carbon dioxide and water
300
What are the purposes of cell division?
1. Growth
2. Repair/replace
3. Reproduction
300
What are advantages of sexual reproduction?
Genetic diversity
Species can adapt to a changing environment
400
Define replication.
A cell copies its DNA before cell division.
400
What are the inputs of photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide and water
400
What are the two steps of cellular respiration?
1. Break down glucose a little.
2. Break down glucose all the way.
400
What are the phases of mitosis?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
400
What happens during cytokinesis of cell division?
The daughter cells split into two separate cells.
500
What is lactic acid?
Its the by product of anaerobic respiration in the your muscle cells.
500
What are the outputs of photosynthesis?
oxygen and glucose
500
Where can you find every single multiple choice questions and answer for this unit test?
Your old quizzes
500
**Daily Double**
What are the parts of the cell cycle?
Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis
500
What is an example of an indirect user of photosynthesis?
Any heterotroph - animals, humans, insects
600
Stem Cells
If skin is cut, the wound closes within days. If a leg is broken, the fracture will usually mend if the bone is set correctly. Almost all human tissue can repair itself to some extent. Much of this repair is due to the activity of stem cells. These cells resemble those of a developing embryo in their ability to reproduce repeatedly, forming exact copies of themselves. They may also form many other different kinds of cells. Stem cells in bone marrow offer a dramatic example. They can give rise to all of the structures in the blood: red blood cells, platelets, and various types of white blood cells. Other stem cells may produce the various components of the skin, liver, or intestinal lining.
The brain of an adult human can sometimes compensate for damage by making new connections among surviving nerve cells (neurons). For many years, most biologists believed that the brain could not repair itself because it lacked stem cells that would produce new neurons.
A recent discovery, however, indicates that a mature human brain does produce neurons routinely at one site, the hippocampus, an area important to memory and learning. This discovery raises the prospect that stem cells that make new neurons in one part of the brain might be found in other areas. If investigators can learn how to cause existing stem cells to produce useful numbers of functional nerve cells, it might be possible to correct a number of disorders involving damage to neurons such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, and brain injuries.
Describe how this new discovery concerning stem cells might help to treat diseases such as Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease.
Existing stem cells could be made to produce functional nerve cells in damaged brain areas. — Damaged neurons could be restored by the activity of stem cells.
600
Corals are a group of organisms that live in shallow, warm areas of the world's oceans. Coral reefs are composed of a hard material that is produced by these small coral animals, and is then colonized by photosynthetic organisms called Zooxanthellae. These plant-like organisms generate sugars that are used by their animal partners for food and are needed for the survival of the coral.
Why do Zooxanthellae live in shallow waters?
Sunlight is available for photosynthesis in shallow waters. — Light may not be available in deep waters. — Their food providers live in shallow water. — More food is available there. — Zooxanthellae are photosynthetic.
600
Identify what letter X represents.
Identify process 3. 
ATP, Energy
Respiration
600
A student made a wet mount slide of living onion root cells to observe with a microscope. The diagram below represents what the student saw. When cells divide, the chromosomes become visible. As the student studied this slide, she determined that some of the root cells were dividing. Support the student's claim by drawing a diagram in the box provided below of one specific cell on the slide where mitosis is clearly occurring. 
Drawing on board
600
Female Shark Reproduced Without Male DNA, Scientists Say
A hammerhead shark that gave birth in a Nebraska aquarium reproduced without mating, a genetic analysis shows.
This form of asexual reproduction, called parthenogenesis, has been found in other vertebrate species, including some snakes and lizards. But this is the first time it has been documented in a shark. ...
Instead, the female shark's own genetic material combined during this process of cell division that produces an egg. A cell called the secondary oocyte, which contains half the female chromosomes and normally becomes the egg, fused with another cell called the secondary polar body, which contains the identical [amount of] genetic material ....
Robert E. Hueter, director of the Center for Shark Research at the Mote Marine Laboratory in Sarasota, Fla., said the finding helped fill a gap in understanding parthenogenesis, which has been found to occur in most vertebrate lines except mammals, and until now, cartilaginous fishes like sharks ....
"It's a last-resort tactic that animals use when they absolutely can't find another mate," Dr. Hueter said.
State why parthenogenesis is considered a form of asexual reproduction.
– Parthenogenesis involves one parent, only. – The genetic material of the offspring comes from only one parent. – Mating does not occur. – No sperm is involved.