Famous Leaders
Who was Philip II of Macedonia, and what was his main accomplishment?
Philip II was the father of Alexander the Great and united the Greek city-states under Macedonian rule.
What were legions, and how were they organized?
Roman armies with 5,000 soldiers, divided into groups of 60-120 men.
What was the Persian Empire, and why was it significant to Alexander the Great?
A vast empire that Alexander conquered, spreading Greek culture and expanding his rule.
What did Julius Caesar do to help ex-soldiers after they returned home?
He redistributed land to them so they could farm.
Why was Julius Caesar considered a savior by some Romans?
He redistributed land, created jobs, and granted citizenship to non-Romans.
Which philosopher taught Alexander the Great, and how did he influence him?
Aristotle taught Alexander and influenced him to value learning and other cultures.
What is a dictator in Roman history, and name one example.
A sole ruler with absolute power; Julius Caesar or Augustus Caesar.
What made Alexandria in Egypt an important city during Alexander's reign?
It was a center for trade, learning, and culture, with features like the Museum and Lighthouse.
Name one change Augustus Caesar made to Roman law during the Pax Romana.
He updated the 12 Tables to make laws fairer for everyone.
What was Alexander the Great’s most significant accomplishment, and why?
Conquering Persia because it expanded his empire and spread Greek culture widely.
What title did Charlemagne receive from the Pope, and why was it significant?
Holy Roman Emperor; it united Christianity with his rule and strengthened ties to the Church.
Define "latifundia" and explain its impact on Roman society.
Large estates owned by wealthy patricians that replaced small farms, pushing poor farmers to the cities.
Why was the Lighthouse of Alexandria considered one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World?
It guided ships safely into Alexandria’s harbor, symbolizing its importance in trade and travel.
How did Charlemagne ensure loyalty and order in his empire?
By appointing counts to govern regions and hold courts to enforce laws.
How did Charlemagne use religion to strengthen his empire?
He spread Christianity, converted conquered peoples, and worked closely with bishops.
What strategy did Hannibal use during the Second Punic War that made him famous?
He crossed the Alps with elephants to surprise Rome and destroyed farms, weakening their economy.
DAILY DOUBLE
What were publicans, and why were they unpopular?
Roman tax collectors who often collected more than was required, leading to resentment.
How did Alexander’s conquests help spread Greek culture?
By mixing Greek, Persian, and Macedonian cultures, founding cities, and maintaining Greek traditions.
What did Augustus do to improve safety in Rome?
He created a police force and a fire brigade.
Why did Augustus Caesar remove tariffs, and how did it affect Rome?
To boost trade and unify the economy, leading to increased prosperity during the Pax Romana.
Name one reform or accomplishment of Augustus Caesar that helped bring about the Pax Romana.
He removed tariffs, standardized currency, established a police force, and improved laws to create stability.
What does the term "Old Roman Virtues" refer to, and why did Augustus try to revive them?
Traditional Roman values like courage, honesty, and loyalty; Augustus revived them to strengthen and stabilize Rome.
Why did Augustus Caesar’s removal of tariffs strengthen the Roman Empire?
It boosted trade by reducing costs, encouraging business across the empire, and unifying its economy.
How did the Museum in Alexandria reflect Alexander’s commitment to learning?
It housed a library, school, and research center, symbolizing his dedication to education and science.
DAILY DOUBLE
How does changing or eliminating the culture of a conquered group impact future generations? Give an example. (Think Charlemagne or Alexander)
It can lead to loss of identity and unity, as seen in Alexander’s blending of Greek and Persian cultures or Charlemagne’s forced Christian conversions.