Interlanguage Basics
What term did Selinker coin in 1972 to describe the evolving language system learners use?
A) Transfer Language
B) Second Grammar
C) Interlanguage
D) Intermediate Syntax
C) Interlanguage
What principle did Roger Andersen propose in 1984?
A) Input Hypothesis
B) One to One Principle
C) Learning First Rule
D) Rule Reinforcement
B) One to One Principle
What process occurs when learners simplify their language?
A) Restructuring
B) Fossilization
C) Simplification
D) Translation
C) Simplification
Where was Jorge from, and what language did he speak at home?
A) Brazil, Portuguese
B) Colombia, Spanish
C) Argentina, French
D) Mexico, English
B) Colombia, Spanish
What hypothesis says learners must be developmentally ready for instruction to succeed?
A) Teachability Hypothesis
B) Readiness Rule
C) Interference Hypothesis
D) Acquisition Order Theory
A) Teachability Hypothesis
What are the two main types of studies in learner language research?
A) Pragmatics and Semantics
B) Syntax and Morphology
C) Interlanguage studies and Formal Linguistic studies
D) Lexical and Phonological studies
C) Interlanguage studies and Formal Linguistic studies
What theory did Bill VanPatten develop?
A) Output Prioritization Theory
B) Frequency Learning Model
C) Input Processing Theory
D) Modular Processing Framework
C) Input Processing Theory
What is overgeneralization?
A) Forgetting rules entirely
B) Misapplying a rule to inappropriate contexts
C) Using only L1 rules
D) Memorizing exceptions
B) Misapplying a rule to inappropriate contexts
What grammar feature was studied in Jorge’s L2 development?
A) Tense
B) Articles
C) Negation
D) Plurality
C) Negation
Who claimed that learning and acquisition are separate and non-interfacing?
A) Chomsky
B) Krashen
C) Selinker
D) Andersen
B) Krashen
What does the term “systematicity in variability” refer to in interlanguage?
A) Random errors during learning
B) Chaotic learning patterns
C) Predictable changes and fluctuations in learner language
D) Permanent errors due to fossilization
C) Predictable changes and fluctuations in learner language
What is the first step in formula-based learning?
A) Registering form-meaning pairings (formulas)
B) Memorizing textbook examples
C) Analyzing grammar rules
D) Translating L1 sentences
A) Registering form-meaning pairings (formulas)
What is restructuring in SLA?
A) Going back to previous learning stages
B) Avoiding certain grammar points
C) Reorganizing internal grammar representations
D) Memorizing grammar rules
C) Reorganizing internal grammar representations
What concept describes Ge’s overuse of “da”?
A) Interference
B) Fossilization
C) Avoidance
D) Flooding
D) Flooding
What does the “plug and shaver” allegory illustrate?
A) The gap between spoken and written language
B) The failure of grammar instruction without cognitive compatibility
C) The role of vocabulary in instruction
D) The benefits of immersion
B) The failure of grammar instruction without cognitive compatibility
What are the two tenets of the Formal Linguistic approach?
A) Memorization and Repetition
B) Nativism and Domain-Specificity
C) Fluency and Accuracy
D) Generalization and Induction
B) Nativism and Domain-Specificity
What does the Aspect Hypothesis predict?
A) Learners will ignore tense and aspect
B) All learners acquire tense before aspect
C) Learners can’t acquire tense in L2
D) Verb semantics influence how tense and aspect are acquired
D) Verb semantics influence how tense and aspect are acquired
What is U-shaped learning behavior?
A) Always improving in a straight line
B) Declining accuracy that later recovers
C) Constant error rate
D) Perfect accuracy from the start
B) Declining accuracy that later recovers
What is the “Basic Variety” in interlanguage?
A) A rudimentary but communicative system used by early learners
B) A formal linguistic framework
C) A textbook L2 variety
D) An L1 influence phase
A) A rudimentary but communicative system used by early learners
What are two proven benefits of grammar instruction?
A) Fluency and Listening Skills
B) Motivation and Memory
C) Accuracy and Rate of Learning
D) Writing and Reading
C) Accuracy and Rate of Learning
According to interlanguage theory, how do L2 learners’ mental representations differ?
A) They exactly match the L1 grammar
B) They are identical to the target language
C) They are a unique system different from both L1 and L2
D) They are just poorly formed L2 grammar
C) They are a unique system different from both L1 and L2
Name three sub-theories under usage-based emergentist approaches.
A) Pragmatics, Syntax, Morphology
B) Audio-Lingualism, Behaviorism, Grammar Translation
C) Cognitive Linguistics, Connectionism, Corpus Linguistics
D) Relativism, Natural Order Hypothesis, Stimulus Theory
C) Cognitive Linguistics, Connectionism, Corpus Linguistics
How does Ge’s use of “da” in English show interlanguage development?
A) He overgeneralized it then restructured its usage
B) He copied L1 patterns
C) He never used it
D) He learned it perfectly from the start
A) He overgeneralized it then restructured its usage
What did the ZISA project reveal about German word order acquisition?
A) Learners master all stages instantly
B) All errors are random
C) Learners follow a fixed developmental sequence
D) Word order is irrelevant in SLA
C) Learners follow a fixed developmental sequence
What key challenge remains for future interlanguage research?
A) Perfecting textbook grammar
B) Studying learner language without comparing it to native models
C) Eliminating learner errors
D) Creating a universal SLA curriculum
B) Studying learner language without comparing it to native models