Phobias
When a person is exposed to the harmless stimulus until fear responses to that stimulus are extinguished
Flooding
When a person is exposed to the harmless stimulus until fear responses to that stimulus are extinguished
Flooding
Is counter conditioning a technique of operant conditioning?
No, it is not a technique of operant conditioning
What did E.C. Tolman discover through his studies with the rats?
Discovered there is learning that occurs but remains hidden until there is a need to use it.
mental map of a physical area, which the rats created for the maze
cognitive maps
A pleasant stimulus is paired repeatedly with a fearful one, counteracting the fear.
counterconditioning
His experiments with dogs yielded information about classical conditioning
Ivan Pavlov
Procedure that reinforces, gradually guides actions toward a desired behavior
Shaping
A sudden understanding and solving of a problem
insight
fire when performing a certain action, or observing certain action
mirror neurons
How did psychologists help Peter overcome his fear of Bunnies? What is this an example of?
They gave him a cookie, it’s an example of counterconditioning
A pleasant stimulus is paired repeatedly with a fearful one, counteracting the fear
counterconditioning
What is an example of Primary Reinforcement
Food, water, or adequate warmth
What does cognitive factors in learning oppose?
Pavlov and Skinner’s theories
Reinforcement that comes to represent a primary reinforcer
Secondary reinforcement
What is Systematic desensitization
people are taught relaxation techniques. Then are gradually exposed to the feared stimulus using the relaxation technique. It takes a while
A stimulus that exerts fear in someone
a feared stimulus
Not having TV for a week is an example of
(2 word response)
negative punishment
What is the difference between observational learning and latent learning?
Observational learning is learning by watching and imitating others, and latent learning is learning that occurs but remains hidden until there is a need to use it.
Contains a bar that an animal can push to obtain a food reinforcer that records the amount of times the button is pressed
Operant chamber or Skinner box
What type of conditioning is used in treatment of phobias?
Classical conditioning
gradual exposure to the feared stimulus using a relaxation technique
systematic desensitization
These two scientists created and developed the theory of operant conditioning
Edward Thorndike and B.F. Skinner
What did Wolfgang Kohler observe from his study on chimps?
Chimps acted as if they understood the problem, chimps rarely tried a solution that didn’t work, the animals often reached a solution suddenly
What is Extinction?
After conditioning has taken place, repeatedly presenting the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus will make the conditioned response weaker and eventually make it disappear