Learning Basics
Changes in behavior acquired through experiences
Classical Conditioning
learned response, resulting from paired stimulus presentation
Associative learning
making connections between events/stimuli and the environment in which they occurred
Fixed Interval
set amount of time will pass before next reinforcement
Observational learning
Occurs by watching others and modeling what is observed. Those responsible for the imitated behaviors are models.
Unlearned behaviors
reflexes and instincts
Generalization
a stimulus similar to the conditioned stimulus elicits a response
Reinforcement
Learning by reinforcement occurs when the consequences are pleasant enough that we are inclined to do the behavior again. Purpose is to INCREASE the likelihood that a behavior will occur again
Variable Interval
average amount of time will pass before next reinforcement
Three kinds of models
Live, verbal, and symbolic
Three types of learning
Associative, classical, observational
Discrimination
only the conditioned stimulus elicits a response
Punishment
Learning by punishment occurs when the consequences are unpleasant enough that we are inclined to not do the behavior again. Purpose is to DECREASE the likelihood that a behavior will occur again.
Fixed Ratio
set amount of behaviors will occur before next reinforcement
Difference between vicarious reinforcement and punishment?
Vicarious reinforcement involves seeing a model rewarded and being more likely to imitate them, whereas vicarious punishment involves seeing a model punished for a behavior, making the observer less likely to imitate.
Associative learning
making connections between stimuli and environment
Extinction
the conditioned response gradually disappears
Shaping
process of reinforcing every behavior that is closer to the desired behavior
Variable Ratio
average amount of behaviors will occur before the next reinforcement
Bandura's brand of behaviorism
Social learning theory