Classical conditioning
Discovered classical conditioning.
Who is Ivan Pavlov?
This term in Operant Conditioning will always result in INCREASING the desired behavior.
What is reinforcement?
A mental image an organism uses to navigate through a familiar environment.
What is a cognitive map?
In learning, the process of observing and imitating a specific behavior
What is modeling?
Pavlov's dogs were conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell being rung. At this point, the bell would be considered what?
Conditioned stimulus
This term in Operant Conditioning will always result in a DECREASE of the desired behavior.
What is punishment?
A form of behavioral learning in which the probability of a response is changed by its consequences--that is, by the stimuli that follow the response.
What is operant conditioning?
This famous psychologist produced the "bobo the clown experiment" to measure the effects of observational learning and violence in young children.
Who is Albert Bandura?
When it was first introduced, the bell in Pavlov's experiment was considered _______ . After conditioning, it became a conditioned stimulus.
What is a neutral stimulus?
When a teacher gives you an A+ because you worked hard on an essay, this form of Operant Conditioning is being used.
What is positive reinforcement?
If a test subject has been conditioned to salivate to a bell, but may also salivate to a whistle, we would consider it an example of this term.
What is generalization?
Describe the experiment conducted by Kohler and Sultan (the chimpanzee).
He showed that chimps could learn to solve complex problems by "flashes of insight" that combined simpler responses learned previously (ex. stacking boxes to get bananas).
If Anne gets in a car crash that results in her being conditioned to fear that specific location of the accident, what role does the accident play in classical conditioning?
Unconditioned stimulus
A type of reinforcement schedule. You receive a free pizza after buying ten pizzas from your local pizza shop.
What is fixed ratio schedule?
When learning has occurred, but it may not be apparent until an incentive has been given to the test subject to demonstrate their learning.
What is latent learning?
This guy found out that organisms learn the spatial layout of their environments by exploration and do so even if they are not reinforced for exploring.
Who is Edward Tolman?
If a dog is classically conditioned to salivate to the sound of the bell, and we remove that stimulus from the equation, what will eventually happen to the dog's conditioned response?
Extinction--the association between the bell and salivation will weaken over time until it is forgotten entirely.
A person driving in 140 km/h gets a speeding ticket and drives away more slowly.
What is an example of a positive punishment?
In Operant Conditioning, the process of a test subject getting closer and closer to the desired behavior each time they are reinforced or punished.
What is shaping?
A form of cognitive learning in which problem solving occurs by mean osf a sudden reorganization of perceptions.
What is insight learning?