Ring the Bell!
This researcher discovered classical conditioning when feeding his dogs.
Who is Pavlov?
The person most known for his work on Operant Conditioning...the Operant Chamber is often referred to by his name.
Who is Skinner?
Reinforcing every time the desired behavior is performed.
What is continuous reinforcement?
Bandura's famous experiment on observational learning is usually referred to in reference to this child's toy that was used in the experiment.
What is a Bobo Doll?
John Watson made Little Albert afraid of a white rat using this learning technique.
What is Classical Conditioning?
This begins as a neutral stimulus but gains the power to cause a response through conditioning.
What is the conditioned stimulus?
Thorndike used cats to establish this "law": behaviors followed by favorable consequences are likely to be repeated.
What is the Law of Effect?
When a restaurant gives you a free sandwich after the purchase of 10 sandwiches, you are being reinforced on this type of schedule.
What is fixed ratio?
The psychological term for imitating behavior that we observe...or a profession that many consider glamorous.
What is modeling?
Rats demonstrated this kind of learning when they did not try to get through a maze but demonstrated that they actually did know how to get through the maze once a food reward was available.
What is latent learning?
The process of establishing classical conditioning is also called this.
What is acquisition?
This is the Operant Conditioning outcome that the subject always likes.
What is reinforcement?
If we have a quiz every other Friday, students are being reinforced on this type of schedule.
What is a fixed interval?
Observational learning can occur with bad behavior, referred to as anti-social, or good behavior, referred to as this.
What is pro-social?
When repeated bad events cause one to give up, like an underground fence for a dog, Martin Seligman calls it this.
What is learned helplessness?
This can occur after extinction and a rest period.
What is spontaneous recovery?
Almost everyone confuses this Operant Conditioning concept with some type of punishment...even the writers for "The Big Bang Theory".
What is negative reinforcement?
This is known as the "gambler's schedule" because it is so resistant to extinction...it's how slot machines work.
What is variable ratio?
In Bandura's experiment, children were most likely to imitate adult aggression if they observed this.
What is the adults being rewarded for the aggressive behavior?
Reinforcers, like money, that we must learn to value.
What is a secondary reinforcer?
Jenna goes to the dentist for the first time and has a cavity. The sound of the dentist's drill occurs at the same time as the pain she feels. When she gets home and hears her father using a power drill she winces with pain. In this scenario, this is the unconditioned stimulus.
What is the pain of the dentist drilling into her tooth?
If your elementary school teacher gave out stickers for good behavior which could be exchanged for prizes, psychologists would use this term to refer to the stickers in the context of Operant Conditioning (basically they created a ___________ economy)
What is a token?
Bird watchers who seek to view rare birds are rewarded on this type of schedule.
What is variable interval?
When we use observational learning to avoid having to experience something ourselves, it is referred to as this type of learning.
What is vicarious?
This technique of reinforcing behaviors that get closer and closer to the desired behavior is a good way to teach someone to ride a bike.
What is shaping?