Definitions
The process of acquiring, through experience, new and relatively enduring information or behavior and enables us to adapt to our environment is known as
Learning
Person most famous for conducting an experiment using Classical Conditioning on dogs.
Ivan Pavlov
This individual became the most influential and controversial figure in modern behaviorism.
B.F. Skinner
Susan lied and told her mom that she put her laundry away. Susan's mom went upstairs and saw that she shoved her laundry in the closet and didn't do what she was supposed to. Now, Susan has to not only do her own laundry but has to do her brothers too. This what type of reinforcement or punishment? how so?
Positive Punishment
behavior= lied
added more chores
This has become the most influential source of much observational learning.
Television
The desire to perform a behavior effectively and for its own sake is known as
Intrinsic Motivation
A previously neutral stimulus that comes to produce a new response because association with the UCR is known as a(n)
Conditioned Stimulus
a reinforcer that occurs instantly after a behavior.
Immediate Reinforcer
Five boys formed a rock band and often perform at talent shows and local events. Although they don't get paid for their performance, they enjoy playing whenever they can because of the extra attention they get from the audience. Classical or Operant Conditioning? how so?
Operant Conditioning.
Behavior= playing in band
Positive = attention from the audience
During the soccer game, Brayden received a "yellow card" for unsportsmanlike conduct resulting in having to sit out for 2 minutes before going back onto the field. Reinforcement or Punishment? Which one?
Positive Punishment
"yellow card" was given to discourage the unsportsmanlike conduct.
Procedure in which reinforcers guide actions closer and closer toward a desired behavior is known as
Shaping
Shivering in the cold weather is a(n)
Uncontrolled Response
Strengthens a response by reducing or removing an aversive stimulus.
Negative Reinforcement
Justin and Mark, both age 5, have been watching the cartoon, Captain America, on TV. Stephanie recently found the boys throwing pizza pans outside in the backyard. What type of learning best accounts for the boy's behavior?
Observational Learning
Allowing a child to go out without a chaperone when she stops pushing boundaries of her parent's rules. Reinforcement or Punishment? Which one?
Positive Reinforcement.
behavior= follow rules
added more freedom/independence. GIVING permission.
Transfer of a response learned to one stimulus to another similar stimulus is known as
Generalization
A child's fear at the sight of a needle is a(n)
Conditioned Response
Any consequence that strengthens behavior. Whether it works by getting rid of something we don't enjoy or giving us something we do enjoy.
Marcus was angry for losing his Fortnite game and threw his controller across the room, leaving a hole in the wall. His dad yelled at him and gave him a spanking. Reinforcement or Punishment? Which one?how so?
Positive Punishment
behavior= threw his controller making a hole in the wall
added a spanking
Sarah uses her American Express credit card to make all purchases because she earns airline points for each $10 she spends. Which type of motivation does this represent?
Extrinsic
certain credit card used to reward her with airline points.
Any consequence that decreases the frequency of a proceeding behavior it follows is known as
Punisher
At the age of 8, Amy was invited over to a friend's house for a sleep over. The young girls watched a scary movie that involved a masked man hurting someone. Every time the masked man would do something a particular song would play. This caused Amy to pee her pants and cry. Now as an adult, anytime she hears the exact song or see anything related to that movie, her hands get sweaty and her heart races. What is the UCS? UCR? CS? CR?
UCS= watching a man hurt someone
UCR= peeing pants, crying (fear)
CS= sound of the song or anything resembling the movie
CR= sweaty palms, heart racing (fear)
An event that is innately reinforcing, often by satisfying a biological need.
Primary Reinforcers
Jess has worked so hard in Psychology class. She pulled her grade from a D to a B. Now, she doesn't have stay for tutoring anymore. Classical or Operant Conditioning? How so?
Negative Reinforcement
behavior= work hard in psychology- get good grades
removed tutoring
Aubrey loves teaching dance at her local studio. And although she doesn't make a lot of money for the time she invests in creating dances and routines, she hopes that by demonstrating her passion for dance others will learn to love it too. Which type of motivation does this represent?
Intrinsic