Learning and memory

Learning - concepts 1

100

A process such as riding a bicycle can be learned as a series of steps that build on each other, a process known as _______________________.

(chaining/recovery/flashbulb/memory)

chaining

200

10. Rewarding a behavior every fifth time it occurs is an example of _______________________ reinforcement. (continuous/partial/fixed ratio)

continuous

300

The process by which a stimulus increases the chances that a behavior will occur again (reinforcement/punishment)

reinforcement

400

The process by which a stimulus decreases the chances that a behavior will occur again

punishment

500

This neurotransmitter is most studied in association with the interaction of appetitive stimuli and reinforcement

dopamine

Learning - concepts II

100

This is any event or situation that evokes a response. (learning/cognition/stimulus/response)

stimulus

200

This is a simple form of learning that involves associating certain events and stimuli that occur together. (operant/classical/latent)

classical conditioning

300

This researcher is important for demonstrating that behaviors change in relation to their result and introduce the idea of reinforcement. (John Watson/B.F. Skinner)

B. F. Skinner

400

Pavlov’s experiments with dogs are an example of this type of conditioning.

classical conditioning

500

This researcher posited that learning occurs as a result of watching a model and imitating that models behavior.

Albert Bandura

Memory - concepts I

100

This is the first stage of the processing of information into the memory system. (retrieval/storage/encoding/transaction)

encoding

200

This type of encoding involves making information meaningful (iconic/echoic/semantic)

semantic

300

A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event. (flashbulb/eidetic)

flashbulb

400

This type of encoding requires attention and conscious effort to get information into your memory systems.

effortful

500

In this stage of memory, information can be held in this storage bank for around 30 seconds with out rehearsal. 

short-term (working memory)

Memory - concepts II

100

Miller discover that individuals can hold around how many items from a list in memory with disrupting recall (2/7/10/20)

7 (5-9)

200

These are mental representation of the world and shape how the think and perceive (memories/schemas/thoughts)

schemas

300

This researcher used car crashes to study the extent to which words shape the way individuals recall events. (Scoville/Loftus)

Loftus

400

This type of amnesia prevents individuals from making new memories

anterograde

500

This part of the brain is associated with consolidating short-term to long-term memories

hippocampus