Show:
Forms of Learning
Affect of Learning on Neural Structures
Physiology of Learning
Anterograde Amnesia
Miscellaneous
100
You walk into a restaurant and smell delicious rood, and all the sudden you feel very hungry. Just then a bell rings in the kitchen. The next time you hear a bell you feel hungry again. What is the conditioned response?
Feeling hungry when you hear the bell
100
Calcium ions enter channels controlled by NMDA receptors only when ___________ is present and when the postsynaptic membrane is _______________.
Glutamate; depolarized
100
This type of receptor is unique because it is both voltage-dependent and neurotransmitter-dependent.
NMDA receptor
100
Damage to the __________ or to regions of the brain that supply its inputs and receive its outputs cause anterograde amnesia.
The hippocampus
100
What did researchers find when they asked subjects questions that involved visual, auditory, tactile or gustatory information?
Answering the questions activated the regions of association cortex involved in perception of the relevant sensory information
200
A child completes their homework and their mother gives them a sticker. What type of conditioning is this?
Operant or instrumental
200
Double Jeopardy: __________ is a drug that blocks NMDA receptors.
AP5
200
Stimulation of what area of the brain is necessary for LTP and consolidation?
The hippocampal formation
200
What is anterograde amnesia?
Amnesia for events that occur after some disturbance to the brain.
200
What is the task called where subjects are shown a stimulus and then, after a delay, are asked to indicate which of several alternatives are the same as the sample?
Delayed matching-to-sample task
300
The ability to identify and categorize objects and situations is what?
Perceptual learning
300
Part of the temporal lobe that includes the entorhinal cortex, perforant path, and dentate gyrus.
The hippocampal formation
300
Damage to the ______ disrupts instrumental learning
Basal Ganglia
300
Memories that explicitly available to conscious recollection as facts, events, or specific stimuli are called ___________; memories that include instances of perception, stimulus response, and motor learning that we are not necessarily conscious of are called _______.
Declarative memory; nondeclarative memory
300
Double Jeopardy: Why were the medial temporal/medial superior temporal areas activated when subjects were shown pictures that implied motion?
The subjects’ memories contained information about movements they had previously seen
400
_______________ says that if a synapse repeatedly becomes active at about the same time that the postsynaptic neuron fires, changes will take place in the structure of the neuron
Hebb's Rule
400
The primary input to the hippocampal formation comes from the ______________.
Entorhinal cortex
400
During the formation of a CER, synapse strengthening occurs in what area of the amygdala?
Lateral Nucleus
400
The ___________, neurons that have axons that terminate in the dentate gyrus, receives inputs directly or via two adjacent regions of the limbic cortex called perirhinal cortex and parahippocampal cortex.
Entorhinal cortex
400
Which type of memories do some researchers suggest cannot be formed by patients with anterograde amnesia?
Declarative memories
500
5. Learning to make a new response is what type of learning?
Motor learning
500
With regards to instrumental conditioning, “favorable consequences” are called ________________ and “unfavorable consequences” are called ___________________.
Reinforcing stimuli; punishing stimuli
500
Damage to this cortex disrupts the ability to discriminate visual stimuli.
Inferior Temporal Cortex
500
Most often seen in Korsakoff’s syndrome, this action is presumably the cause of anterograde amnesia.
Degeneration of mammilary bodies
500
What was the result when patient E.P. was taught to pick a particular member of each of a series of eight pairs of objects?
He learned a nondeclarative stimulus-response task without at the same time acquiring and declarative memories about what he had learned