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Definition
Fill in the blank
Learning theories
Memory
Mix and Match
100
An organism's decreasing response to a stimulus with repeated exposure to it
Habituation
100
After Pavlov's dog was conditioned to drool after hearing the bell ring in the experiment, Pavlov stopped presenting the food after ringing the bell. Later, the dog stopped drooling after hearing the bell. This is an example of __________.
Extinction
100
What are the three main types of learning? Which psychologist is associated with each?
Classical conditioning (Pavlov), Operant conditioning (B.F Skinner), Observational/Social learning (Bandura)
100
_________ is the persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information
Memory
100
What are the four schedules of partial reinforcement? Give an example of 1.
Fixed ratio, fixed interval, variable ratio, and variable interval.
200
retention independent of conscious recollection (non-declarative memory)unconscious encoding of incidental information (space, time, frequency) and of well-learned information.
Implicit memory
200
Short term memory is also referred to as _____________. (2 words)
Working memory
200
Negative reinforcement: something DESIRABLE/UNDESIRABLE is ADDED/TAKEN AWAY to INCREASE/DECREASE the likelihood of a response in the future. Give an example
Undesirable, taken away, increase. Examples will vary.
200
___________ is a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event as we relive, rehearse, and discuss them, memories may come to error as misinformation seeps in
Flashbulb memory (confirmation bias)
200
Which two brain structures are associated with explicit memory storage?
Hippocampus and frontal lobes
300
a procedure in which the conditioned stimulus and one conditioning experience is paired with a new neutral stimulus, creating a second (often weaker) conditioned stimulus.
Higher-order conditioning
300
__________ is encoding on a basic level based on the structure or appearance of words. __________ is encoding semantically, based on the meaning of the words; tends to yield the best retention
shallow processing; deep processing
300
To discourage coyotes from attacking their sheep, ranchers fed the coyotes small pieces of mutton (sheep meat) tainted with poison that, when eaten, causes the coyotes to experience extreme dizziness and nausea. Later, when the coyotes are placed in the pen with the sheep, the mere smell of the sheep causes the coyotes to run frantically away from their former prey. US,UR,NS,CS,CR
US: mutton, UR: dizziness and nausea, NS and CS: sheep, and CR: frantically running away
300
The ___________ is specifically responsible for name and face association, spatial mnemonics, and cognitive mapping skills.
Hippocampus
300
What are three limitations of punishment?
1. Punished behavior is suppressed not forgotten 2. Punishment teaches discrimination among situations 3. punishment can teach fear and anxiety 4. physical punishment may increase aggression by modeling aggression as a way to cope with problems.
400
The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information.
Proactive interference
400
Mirror neurons are neurons located in the prefrontal cortex that some scientists believe fire when performing certain actions or when observing another doing so. The brain's mirroring of another's action enables our demonstration of ______________. (3 words) Hint. Think social/emotional awareness.
Theory of Mind.
400
What are the five components of learning? Use the five components to explain how someone would learn a new language or how to play a sport.
Knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis. Examples will vary
400
Recall, retention, and relearning are three ways that memory is measured. True or False
FALSE- recognition
400
As a result of the priming process, ____________ awareness can have an influence on our _________ interpretations
Unconscious awareness; conscious interpretations
500
our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
serial position effect (recency effect and primacy effect)
500
In experiments demonstrating the ______________, people have formed false memories, by incorporating misleading details, either after receiving wrong information after an event, or after repeatedly ___ and rehearsing something that never happened.
misinformation effect; imagining
500
Please refer to the chart
Comparison of Classical and Operant conditioning pg 290
500
Refer to Chart
Memory hierarchy
500
Learning is a result of biological, psychological, social-cultural influences. Give an example of the three interaction with each other to learn how to read.
Answers will vary