Who?
Founding father of classical conditioning
Pavlov
You are really worried about our test tomorrow so you decide to study 3 hours tonight to reduce your anxiety. This is an example of...
Negative reinforcement
Ideas that represent a class or category of objects, events, or activities.
Concepts
A relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience.
Learning
Anytime a behavior increases, it has been ______
Reinforced
Coined the term Law of Effect.
Olivia is introduced to a guy named Zac who is an excellent cook. Once she has eaten a few of his delicious meals, Olivia begins to gain a strong attraction for Zac. In this case, Zac is a(n) ________
Conditioned stimulus
An example of a concept that closely matches the defining characteristics of a concept.
Prototype
Any stimulus that elicits a response after learning has taken place.
Conditioned stimulus
Reinforcing successive approximations toward a target behavior.
Shaping
Psychologist who showed we can learn through modeling.
Bandura
During class, your cell phone goes off and the teacher stops and scolds you in front of everyone. You do not take your phone out again for the rest of the semester.
Positive punishment.
Rule-of-thumb strategy that often allows us to solve problems more quickly.
Heuristic
The process of forming an association between UCS and CS.
Acquisition
Grounding is this type of punishment.
Negative
Developed a classically conditioned emotional response to a white rat.
Little Albert
During a televised political debate, the Republican and Democratic candidates each argued that the results of a recent public opinion poll supported their party's platform regarding job creation.
Confirmation bias
When 3-year-old Claudia is asked which letter of the alphabet comes before g, she recites the alphabet from the beginning until she arrives at the solution. Claudia is using _____________ to solve the problem.
Algorithm
When a previously extinguished response reemerges.
Spontaneous recovery
Reinforcement after a variable amount of time.
Variable interval
Psychologist who is best know for the study of operant conditioning.
Skinner
Whenever his TV picture became fuzzy, Lloyd would bang the top of the TV set, which usually cleared the picture. Recently, when he was viewing a film on his new DVD player, tracking problems created a fuzzy picture; Lloyd banged the top of the TV over and over but to no avail. Lloyd appears to be experiencing a problem-solving obstacle called _________
Mental set
Failing to see that an article of clothing can be inflated as a life preserver.
Functional fixedness
When you can tell the difference between and only respond to a specific type of stimuli.
You have studied really hard and received a good grade on an exam. You continue to do the same thing for the rest of the semester.
Positive reinforcement