Bandura et al.
Standardization - Bandura et al. Is it a strength or weakness and why?
What is a Strength - all procedures were the same for each child
The research method used in this study was...
What is a case study?
What type of method was used for the Fagen et al. investigation?
What is a controlled observation - there was no other design because there were no conditions.
This is where the Saavedra and Silverman conducted their research
What is...
Child Anxiety and Phobia Program at Florida International University
What are three sampling methods used in psychology?
What is opportunity, volunteer and random sampling?
Describe the sample used in the study.
What is 72 children aged 3 to 6 years. 36 were boys and 36 were girls. They were also from Stanford University nursery school.
What emotion, besides fear, was a focus of the Saavedra and Silverman study?
What is disgust?
Give two descriptors of the sample used in the study
1. 5 elephants
2. from Nepal
3. 1 adult, 4 juveniles
4. All female
5. all without babies
This is how physical protection was broken in the Bandura et al. (aggression) study
What is...
Children might have harmed themselves with the toys after becoming more aggressive
Self-reports use at least two different techniques to gather data. Name them.
What is questionnaires and interview or surveys?
What is the experimental design used in this study?
What is independent measures?
What were the 2 interventions in Saavedra and Silverman?
What is...
1. Positive Reinforcement Therapy
2. Imagery Exposure Therapy
**Daily Double**
Which therapy was most effective at helping the boy get over his button phobia, and how many sessions did he go through?
What was the order of the 5 behaviors taught in Fagen et al.
y
What is...
1. Trunk here
2. Trunk up
3. Bucket
4. Blow
5. Steady
The learning of a new behavior that is observed in a role model and imitated later in the absence of that model
What is social learning theory?
What is an independent variable?
What is something that is under investigation in an experiment which is manipulated and is responsible for changes in the dependent variable?
How were the kids paired in Bandura et al. (using the matched pairs design)?
What is...
1. Based on aggression
2. Observed by observer and teacher and rated on a 0-4 aggression scale
3. They were sorted into each condition based on similar aggression
Prior to the study, the boy created a "__ __", a scale that ranks his level of disgust for different types of buttons (0-8). Why did experimenters decided to do this?
What is "feelings thermometer"; because they needed to operationalize (clearly define) the fear of buttons?
What was concluded from Fagen et al.?
What is...
Juvenile, free-contact, traditionally trained elephants can be trained to participate in a trunk wash using only SPR training techniques.
How did the positive reinforcement therapy impact fear and anxiety in Saavedra and Silverman (button phobia) study?
What is...
increased disgust, fear and anxiety
Mean, Median, and Mode are all measures of this:
What is central tendency?
**DAILY DOUBLE**
What is the median of the following data points?
4, 2, 7, 3, 10, 9, 13?
Give two descriptors for the final phase of the procedure from Bandura et al.
What is...
1. There were a variety of toys in the (experimental) room.
2. The child spent 20 minutes in the (experimental) room.
3. Behaviour was observed through a one-way mirror.
4. Behaviour was rated on predetermined response categories. e.g., imitation of physical aggression, imitative verbal aggression, imitative nonaggressive responses.
5. The session was divided into 5 second intervals.
6. A total of 240 response units were recorded per participant.
7. The male model completed all observations.
8. Half were then rated by a second observer (for inter-rater reliability).
What increased the overall validity of the result of the Saavedra and Silverman study?
What is...used longitudinal design?
Using positive reinforcement in the study ensured this ethic to be upheld
What is...
Pain, suffering and distress
This is how the elephants became desensitized to the syringe
What is...
syringe brought gradually closer with increasing amounts of fluid
An individual difference in a participant, such as age, memory, or caffeine tolerance.
What is a Participant Variable?