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SLD History
Specific Learning Disabilities (SLD)
Dyslexia
ADHD
Dyscalculia
100
1963
What is the year the term learning disability was first introduced at a conference in Chicago?
100
A disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using language, spoken or written, which disorder may manifest itself in the imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or do mathematical calculations.
What is the definition of "specific learning disability?"
100
A specific learning disability that is neurological in nature and is characterized by difficulties with accurate and/or fluent word recognition and by poor spelling and decoding abilities. These difficulties typically result from a deficit in the phonological component of language that is often unexpected in relation to other cognitive abilities and the provision of effective classroom instruction. Secondary consequences may include problems in reading comprehension and reduced reading experience that can impeded the growth of vocabulary and background knowledge.
What is the definition of dyslexia?
100
It is not a specific learning disorder.
What is ADHD?
100
A neurologically based disorder of mathematical abilities. It originates as a genetic or congenital disorder of the brain and causes a discrepancy between an individual's general cognitive level and mathematical abilities.
What is the generally agreed definition of dyscalculia?
200
Dr. Samuel Kirk
What is the name of the professor, who is considered to be the Father of Special Education?
200
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and one of the greatest political leaders of the twentieth century. He was known for powerful speeches however, he had a stuttering problem and disliked school and math.
What is Winston Churchill?
200
Neuroscientific research indicates that dyslexia has a genetic basis.
What is an example of the cause of dyslexia?
200
ADHD
What is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder?
200
The inability to comprehend instruction and failure to master the skills of an operation. Examples include not memorizing facts, can't benefit from the stored verbal memorization of number facts that is used with prior association to solve problems involving addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
What is qualitative dyscalculia?
300
A learning disability refers to retardation, disorder, or delayed development in one or more of the processes of speech, language, reading, writing, arithmetic, or other school subject resulting from a psychological handicap cause by a possible cerebral dysfunction and/or behavioral disturbances. It is not the result of mental retardation, sensory deprivation, or cultural instructional factors.
What is Dr. Samuel Kirk's definition of the term learning disabilities during the emergent period?
300
Neurological in nature meaning the root problem lies somewhere in the brain's ability or inability to store, process, and/or produce information.
What is LD's?
300
The relationship between speech sound and written symbol.
What is grapheme-phoneme correspondence?
300
A chronic neurobehavioral disorders that can interfere with a person's ability to inhibit behavior (impulsivity), function effectively in activities (inattention), or regulate activity level (hyperactivity) in appropriate ways.
What is the definition of ADHD according to the DSM-IV?
300
The awareness and understanding about what numbers are, their relationships, their magnitude, the relative effect of operating on numbers, including the use of mental mathematics and estimation.
What is Fennell & Landis's definition of number sense?
400
A phonics-based, multisensory method using the visual, auditory, and kinesthetic modalities for reading decoding and spelling instruction.
What is the Orton-Gillingham Approach?
400
1. Adequate Achievement 2. A Choice- The RtI Process or Pattern of Strengths and Weaknesses/Discrepancy Model 3. Ruling Out Exclusionary Factors 4. Ruling Out Lack of Instruction
What is the PA State Guidelines for SLD?
400
It was called word blindness, a learning disorder in which symbols and especially phrases, words, or letters appear to be reversed or transposed in reading, term was coined by Dr. Samuel Orton, and occurs in only 5% of dyslexics.
What is strephosymbolia?
400
1. Inattention to details/makes careless mistakes 2. Difficulty sustaining attention 3. Seems not to listen 4. Fails to finish tasks 5. Difficulty organizing 6. Avoids tasks requiring sustained attention 7. Loses things 8. Easily distracted 9. Forgetful
What is the DSM-IV criteria to diagnose a student with inattention, ADD?
400
When a student is unable to accurately count objects, has poor number sense, difficulty with spacial relation, difficulty in visual perception, problems with time and direction, and/or has math anxiety.
What is indicators that a child may struggle with dyscalculia?
500
Several significant events emerged during this period including description of what we now call dyslexia today, a connection between the brain and the process of reading, and finally several publications about reading disabilities.
What is the European Foundations Period from 1800-1920?
500
The most populated category of exceptionality receiving special education services in our public schools today.
What is SLD?
500
All children with dyslexia sees letters and symbols up side down or inversely.
What is a myth about dyslexia?
500
The most widely used tool to assess a student for ADHD and other behavior disorders of childhood.
What is Conner's Rating Scale?
500
One of the most popular theoretical frameworks for teaching mathematics to all children.
What is CRA Sequence?