Risk/reward
Something good that encourages a behavior
What is positive reinforcement?
The avoidance of a certain food following a period of illness after consuming that food
What is taste aversion?
Stimulus that naturally invokes a biological response
What is an unconditioned stimulus?
Famous for sticking rats in a box
Who is B.F. Skinner?
The reappearance of a conditioned response thought to be extinct
What is spontaneous recovery?
Schedule of reinforcement that rewards a behavior every time it's done
What is fixed-ratio?
Happens after repeated exposure to a conditioned stimulus without an accompanying unconditioned stimulus
What is extinction?
A stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning
What is a neutral stimulus?
Well known for making dogs drool
Who is Ivan Pavlov?
When a lightbulb goes off and people suddenly figure out a solution
What is insight?
Something that reinforces a behavior by taking away a disliked thing
What is negative reinforcement?
Discouraging a behavior by adding a negative stimulus
What is a positive punishment?
A learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus
What is a conditioned response?
Taught kids how to assault Bobo dolls
Who is Albert Bandura?
Describes "monkey see monkey do"
What is observational learning/modeling?
Schedule of reinforcement that slot machines follow
What is variable-ratio reinforcement?
The passive state derived from failure to avoid bad events
A biological reaction to an unconditioned stimulus
What is an unconditioned response?
Came up with the law of effect
Who is Edward Thorndike?
Learning that isn't seen until it needs to be used
What is latent learning?
A reward system used in behavior modification programs
What is token economy?
The tendency of some trained animals to revert back to instinctual behaviors
What is instinctive drift?
When conditioned stimulus in one conditioning experience is paired with a new neutral stimulus, creating a second (often weaker) conditioned stimulus
What is higher-order conditioning?
Did work explaining taste aversion
Who is John Garcia?
When sensitivity to a stimulus lowers after repeated exposure
What is habituation?