Memory
You glance at a phone number briefly and remember it for just a second before it fades. What type of memory were you using?
Short-term memory
(Holds small amounts briefly without rehearsal)
Explain classical conditioning and give an example.
Type of learning where you are taught to pair two stimuli. It triggers a response that is natural.
Example: Ivan Pavlov's dogs salivating every time they heard a bell ring
Studying for a class that has surprise quizzes
Variable Interval - unpredictable timing
A 10-year-old performs at the same level as an average 12-year-old. What is their mental age, and how would this affect IQ?
Mental age of 12. Her IQ would be above average.
A child who was once afraid of one dog becomes afraid of all small furry animals. What process is this?
Generalization
You group a long number like 149217761945 into smaller chunks to remember it. What strategy are you using?
Chunking
(Grouping information to increase short-term memory capacity)
Explain operant conditioning and give an example
Operant conditioning is learning when behavior is shaped by consequences.
You get a $5 bill every time you get an A on a test.
Selling a product door-to-door
Variable Ratio: success after unpredictable attempts
Explain the mirror test
A test used on animals to tell if they are self-aware. Used to determine whether they are intelligent or not.
The spacing effect suggests that when you study for a test you should:
spread your study time over a number of sessions
After a brain injury, someone can’t form new memories but remembers the past. What condition is this?
Anterograde Amnesia
Ivan Pavlov noticed that dogs began salivating at the mere sight of the person who regularly brought food to them. For the dogs, the sight of this person was a(n)
Conditioned Stimulus
Child hears Jeopardy music every night at 7PM
Fixed Interval – fixed time
A child excels at solving puzzles and math problems but struggles to understand other people’s emotions.
Which type of intelligence is strong, and which is weak?
Strong: Logical-mathematical intelligence
Weak: Interpersonal intelligence
A girl may do poorly on a math test not because she lacks math ability but because she knows that women are not expected to do well on math tests. This is an example of:
stereotype threat
The brain scans of people with amnesia are most likely to show damage to the…
Hippocampus
A child imitates aggressive behavior seen in a video. Which famous experiment does this relate to?
Bobo Doll experiment
Getting paid $10 for every bucket of cherries you pick
Fixed Ratio – set number of responses
Explain the difference between interpersonal intelligence and intrapersonal intelligence
Interpersonal is intelligence between people. Good at communicating, relationships, social skills
Intrapersonal is intelligence of your self, self aware, in-tune with your emotions.
No, because are memories are not perfect recordings...
Kevin has not ridden a bike in 12 years. However, on a recent trip to Amsterdam he rented a bike to get around the city and was surprised to discover that he remembered how to ride it. Keven’s ability to remember riding a bike is due to what type of memory?
Implicit memory
The process of unlearning a behavior, in classical conditioning when the conditioned stimulus no longer elicits the conditioned response.
Extinction
Employee gets $500 for every 6 cars sold
Fixed Ratio – set number
A psychologist uses multiple types of tasks (music, logic, social situations) to assess intelligence.
Which theory are they applying?
Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences
Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences is supported by Savant syndrome because…
Individuals with Savant syndrome often show exceptional abilities in specific areas, demonstrating that intelligence is not a single general ability but multiple distinct types.