Important People
Who deduced the basic principle of classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
What are the five parts of classical conditioning?
Unconditioned Stimulus(US), Unconditioned Response (UR), Neutral Stimulus (NS), Conditioned Stimulus (CS), Conditioned Response (CR)
What is commonly defined as a long-lasting change in behavior resulting from experience?
Learning
What is it called when a stimulus is added to a punishment or reinforcement? And if a stimulus is decreased?
Positive punishment/reinforcement; Negative punishment/reinforcement
During what process is the conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus repeatedly paired to create an association?
Acquisition
Who was one of the first people to research operant conditioning?
Edward Thorndike
Which type of conditioning deals with punishments and reinforcements?
Operant Conditioning
What reinforces the steps used to reach the desired behavior?
Shaping
What makes the behavior more likely to repeat itself? What makes the behavior less likely to repeat itself?
Reinforcement; Punishment
What refers to the gradual weakening of a conditioned response that results in the behavior decreasing or disappearing?
Extinction
Which two people did an ethically questionable study on little Albert by using loud noises and a white fluffy rat?
John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner
What is Simultaneous Conditioning?
When the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus are presented at the same time.
What is it called when something/someone is taught to perform a number of responses successively in order to get a reward?
Chaining
What is it called when a parent gives money to their child as a reward for doing the chores?
Positive Reinforcement
What term is defined as the reappearance of the conditioned response after a rest period or period of lessened response?
Spontaneous recovery
Which two people did an experiment on how rats more readily learned to make certain associations than others? (Loud noises and sweet water was used in this experiment.)
John Garcia and Robert Koelling
What type of conditioning is described as the presentation of the conditioned stimulus, followed by a short break, followed by the presentation of the unconditioned stimulus?
Trace Conditioning
What states that if the consequences of a behavior are pleasant, the stimulus-response (S-R) connection will be strengthened and the likelihood of the behavior will increase?
Law of effect
What is it when a parent takes away their child's cell phone when their child is caught steeling the car?
Negative Punishment
What term involves the tendency to respond in the same way to different but similar stimuli?
Generalization
Who coined the term operant conditioning?
B.F. Skinner
Which method of conditioning is particularly ineffective by having the unconditioned stimulus presented first and then followed by the conditioned stimulus?
Backward conditioning
According to which effect do behaviors become more resistant to extinction if the animal has not been reinforced continuously?
Partial-reinforcement effect
What is it called when a parent stops yelling at their child when their child goes to clean their room?
Negative Reinforcement
What is the term when the same organism responds differently to different stimuli?
Discrimination