Learning Theory Basics
What is learning in psychology?
A change in behavior or knowledge due to experience.
Who is known for discovering classical conditioning
Ivan Pavlov.
Who is credited with developing operant conditioning?
B.F. Skinner.
What does social psychology study?
How people think, feel, and behave around others.
What is conformity?
Changing behavior to match a group.
Which school of thought emphasizes observable behavior?
Behaviorism.
In Pavlov’s experiment, what was the unconditioned stimulus?
Food.
What is the key difference between classical and operant conditioning?
Operant involves choice and voluntary behavior.
What is the Fundamental Attribution Error?
Overestimating personal factors and underestimating situational ones.
What did Asch’s experiment demonstrate?
The power of conformity in groups.
Who believed learning occurs without immediate reinforcement?
Edward Tolman (Latent Learning).
What is the conditioned response in Pavlov’s dog experiment?
Salivation to the bell.
What law did Thorndike propose that influenced Skinner’s work?
Law of Effect.
What is the Actor-Observer Bias?
Attributing others’ actions to personality but our own to the situation.
What did Milgram’s experiment study?
Obedience to authority.
What are the four key elements of observational learning?
Attention, Retention, Reproduction, Motivation.
What is the term for when a learned response disappears over time?
Extinction.
What are the two main types of reinforcement?
Positive and Negative.
What does the Just-World Hypothesis state?
People get what they deserve.
What does the Bystander Effect describe?
People are less likely to help when others are present.
What is associative learning?
Learning that involves linking two stimuli or events together.
Which therapeutic techniques are based on classical conditioning?
Flooding and Systematic Desensitization.
What is a token economy?
A behavior modification system where tokens are exchanged for rewards.
What is self-presentation?
Managing how others perceive us through behavior and communication.
What did the Stanford Prison Experiment reveal?
The power of social roles and situational influence.