Classical Conditioning
Name the Nobel prize winning scientist who discovered classical conditioning.
Pavlov
Name the famous behaviorist who is credited for developing operant conditioning.
Skinner
Name Bandura's famous study.
Bobo Doll Study
Name the three main types of learning theories.
Operant, Classical, and observational
In classical conditioning, the natural and unlearned reaction to an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) is known as the:
Unconditioned response
Define a reinforcer.
Any event that strengthens or increases a response
Name the missing cognitive process:
Attention, Retention, Motivation, Reinforcement
Reproduction
Outline a criticism of both classical and operant conditioning.
Do not consider internal/cognitive processes.
OR
Overestimates the environmental impact on learning.
State one strength of classical conditioning as a theory of learning.
helps to explain involuntary behaviours
considers some environmental determinants of behaviour
supported by substantial empirical evidence
State one strength of operant conditioning as a theory of learning.
considers the environmental determinants of behaviour
supported by substantial empirical evidence
can be used to learn new, voluntary behaviours
can be applied to a wide range of contexts
State one strength of observational learning as a theory of learning.
supported by substantial empirical evidence
can be applied in a wide range of real world scenarios for a wide variety of behaviours
explains how individuals learn complex behaviours
is able to explain how social behaviours are learned, without explicit teaching or effort
considers both the environmental impact as well as the individual’s role in learning (cognitive factors and motivation)
Both conditioning learning types are examples of associative learning. State the association formed in each.
Classical: association between UCS and NS
Operant: association between behaviour and consequence
Explain why we learn taste aversions after only one exposure.
Preparedness - an evolutionary survival mechanism. We need to learn things that enable us to survive quickly and taste aversions would have done that.
Name the schedules of reinforcement most resistant to extinction.
variable ratio
Mary receives a cream bar for attending every netball training in year 7. Other year 7 netballers observe this, and aim to replicate this behaviour next year. Name the type of reinforcement demonstrated here.
Vicarious Reinforcement
Outline the major limitation to the validity of the study conducted by Bandura, Ross and Ross (1961).
low external validity - low population validity (small, homogenous sample) and low ecological validity (lab setting and strangers as models is unlike real life)