Show:
Definitions
Fill in the blank
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Miscellaneous/Stress
100
What are the five components of learning?
Knowledge, Comprehension, Application, Analysis, Synthesis
100
A+B= __________ B+C= _________
Antecedent +Behavior = Classical Behavior+Consequence= Operant
100
What is an unconditioned stimulus (US)
An unconditioned stimulus is anything that triggers and automatic response.
100
Positive punishment _______ the frequency of behavior. Negative punishment __________ the frequency of behavior.
Decreases for both
100
What are the three phases of Hans Selye's Generation Adaptation Syndrome?
Alarm/reaction, Resistance, Exhaustion
200
Behaviors with favorable consequences will occur more frequently and behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences will occur less frequently.
Edward Thorndike's Law of Effect
200
____________ is the stress hormone that weakens our immune system. As a result we often times become sick after appraising a situation as a threat or challenge.
Cortisol
200
During classical conditioning, extinction occurs when you repeatedly present the ________ by itself.
Conditioned stimulus. The conditioned stimulus then becomes a neutral stimulus once extinction has taken place.
200
Positive punishment means that something bad has been taken away in order to decrease the likelihood of the behavior in the future. Negative reinforcement means something bad or undesirable has been removed or avoided, which will increase the likelihood of the behavior in the future. True of False?
False because of Positive punishment definition.
200
Removing a small rock that has lodged inside the shoe while walking. This is an example of what?
Negative Reinforcement
300
Brain cells located in the front of the brain that activate when a person performs certain actions or when the person observes another do so. Lack of activation is known to show signs of early autism.
Mirror Neurons
300
Ivan Pavlov was initially investigating the effects of ________ on the digestive process but ran into problems during the procedure.
salivation
300
To discourage coyotes from attacking their sheep, ranchers fed the coyotes small pieces of mutton (sheep meat) tainted with poison that, when eaten, causes the coyotes to experience extreme dizziness and nausea. Later, when the coyotes are placed in the pen with the sheep, the mere smell of the sheep causes the coyotes to run frantically away from their former prey.
US: mutton UR: nausea NS: sheep/ sheep smell CS: sheep/ sheep smell CR: coyotes running away frantically
300
Name the primary operant technique to establish new behaviors and give an example.
SHAPING. Little girl riding her bike or baby taking their first steps.
300
What are three psychological results of burnout?
Depression from emotional exhaustion Decreased performance or productivity from physical exhaustion Cynicism from mental exhaustion
400
Precise rules that are used to present (or to remove) reinforcers (or punishers) following a specified operant behavior. These rules are defined in terms of the time and/or the number of responses required in order to present (or to remove) a reinforcer (or a punisher). Different ones produce distinctive effects on operant behavior.
Schedules of Reinforcement
400
__________ are sequences of actions triggered automatically by particular biological and environmental events.
Fixed Action Patterns
400
How can a person demonstrate the relationship between biological predisposition and classical conditioning?
BP s our inborn tendencies to make us less likely to do thing that might threaten our lives. Classically conditioned TASTE AVERSION can develop quickly demonstrating that some species are more likely to learn some responses than to learn others based on their BP
400
This type of learning occurs but is not apparent until the learner has an incentive to demonstrate it.
Latent Learning
400
Name 6 physiological responses to stress.
1. Increased heart rate 2. Increased body temperature 3. Increased respiratory rate 4. Secretion of cortisol 5. Weakened immune system 6. Increase blood pressure 7. Dull Sensation to pain 8. Dilated pupils
500
You like to sleep on the recliner in the living room because you fall asleep very quickly. This week you have a lot of stress because you got suspended from school. Instead of falling asleep you lie awake several nights in a row. Now, even though the stress is gone, you have difficulty sleeping on the living room recliner.
US:suspension UR: stress N:couch CS: couch CR: No sleep
500
Researchers ________ and _______ demonstrated that whenever you associate an emotional response with a particular stimulus, classical conditioning has occurred. This lead to the foundation of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT).
Watson and Rayner in the Little Albert Experiment
500
You always do your homework at your desk. After a very hard semester, you find that sitting at your desk depresses you.
US: studying/homework UR: negative feelings NS: desk CS: desk CR: depression
500
Scenario 1: A child spills milk all over the supper table, and Mom swoops the child up from the high chair and spanks him. Scenario 2: A terrorist applies an electric current to the feet of a spy to make him confess. As a result the spy tells him everything she knows so the shock stops. (the perspective of the terrorist)
1. Positive punishment 2. Positive punishment
500
Little ALbert in John Watson's classical conditioning experiment died at the age of 6 from what brain disorder? Describe the disorder.
Hydrocephalus