Term
Who first explained Classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
What learning theory uses a stimulus
Classical Conditioning
Name one of the two experiments for classical conditioning
Pavlov’s Dog
Baby Albert
Who first explained Operant Conditioning
B. F. Skinner – an American psychologist
Responding similarly to a range of similar stimuli
Generalization
What is an ordinary neutral event that, after training, leads to a response
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
Learning by imitation others
Modeling
Used to decrease a behavior
Punishment
How one gains the conditioned response
Acquisition
Reaction suddenly reappears but not as strong
Spontaneous Recovery
What is a Conditioned Response (CR)
A response to the conditioned stimulus or a learned response
Behavior and Mental states in terms of relationships between observable stimuli and observable responses.
Behaviorism
the ability to respond differently to similar but distinct stimuli
Discrimination
The gradual disappearance of a CR when the CS is repeatedly presented without the US
Extinction
An event that increases the likelihood that the preceding behavior will be repeated
Reinforcement
What is an unconditioned stimulus (US)
An event that leads to a certain, predictable response usually without training
Reinforcement is used to make the responded out of old ones
Shaping
What experiment was used for operant conditioning
Skinner’s Box
Two of the secondary reinforcers for operant conditioning
Money
Praise
Applause
Good grades
Awards
TWO of the four primary reinforcers for operant conditioning.
Food
Water
Light
Temperature
what is an Unconditioned Response (UR)
A reaction that occurs naturally and automatically when the US is presented – a reflex
Is defined as learning about the relationship between two separate stimuli, where the stimuli might range from concrete objects and events to abstract concepts, such as time, location, context, or categories.
Associative learning
What are the TWO primary punishers of operant conditioning
Pain
Extreme heat or cold
What are TWO of the four secondary punishers of operant conditioning
Criticism
Scolding
Fines
Bad grades
What is ONE of two of the main focuses of operant conditioning
Focus on reinforcement or punishment after a behavior
Focus on strengthening or weakening voluntary behaviors