5.1: Words and Their Interface to Sound
The concept that language works at two general levels, with meaningless units of sound combining into meaningful units (usually words) and these meaningful units combine into a larger pattern of meaningful syntactic units.
What is duality of patterning?
The assumption or bias that infants use to label and refer to whole objects.
What is whole object bias?
What is associative learning?
5.4: The sentence “I am answering a Jeopardy question” includes this type of verb.
What is a transitive verb?
This is the smallest bundle of sound that can be related to some meaning.
What is a morpheme?
There is an abundance of this type of detail in the segmented units of speech that infants form from streams of speech.
What is phonetic detail?
The level used to convert and refer to generalized category members.
What is basic level?
What is Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?
The statistic that by the age of 3, lower-income kids would have heard an average of 30 million fewer words than their wealthier counterparts.
What is a 30 million word age gap?
This type of affix can significantly change the meaning of a word.
What is a derivational affix?
The two streams in the brain that linguistic knowledge is separated into (first seen in chapter 3)
A class of words that are often paired with special linguistic properties such as sounds, size, and motion.
What are Ideophones?
The person who is famous for conditioning dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell
Who is Ivan Pavlov?
The totality of linguistic information that is successfully processed and internalized by the child as representations that are the basis for learning.
What is Linguistic Intake?
This type of affix only appears as a suffix.
What is an inflectional affix?
A simple word-mapping test in which infants are exposed to a visual representation of an object paired with an auditory stimulus during a habituation phase.
What is a Switch Task
Word used to define the over-generalization of categories.
What is over extension?
Who is Ivan Pavlov?
The totality of linguistic forms that a child is exposed to in his or her environment.
What is linguistic input?
Turkish, Latin and Czech are all languages that feature this kind of grammatical marker.
What is case?
This occurs when a participant’s responses to a stimulus decreases after repeated presentation of that stimulus.
What is Habituation?
Infants can understand this concept before they can comprehend speech.
What are whole objects?
The age at which toddlers can put together some subtle clues about a speaker’s referential intent.
What is 2 years of age?
In reference to language input, the extent to which a caregiver’s response is connected in timing and meaning to the child’s words or communicative actions.
What is contingency?
The phrase “spill is to spilled as fill is to filled” is an example of this type of process of comparison.