Show:
Pavlov
Classical Conditioning
Skinner
Operant Conditioning
Applications
100
What is the meaning of "Conditioned" and "Unconditioned"?
Conditioned: Learned Unconditioned: Unlearned
100
Classical conditioning is a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more of these, to anticipate events.
Stimuli
100
Ivan Pavlov is to classical conditioning, as B.F. Skinner is to _______.
Operant Conditioning
100
What is another word for a secondary reinforcer?
Conditioned Reinforcer
100
A student is taught to change a tire, but doesn't show outward signs of being able to perform the task until she gets a flat tire on the way home from class. This demonstrates what kind of learning?
Latent Learning
200
What would be considered the conditioned stimulus in Pavlov's dog experiment?
Tone/Bell
200
In Pavlov's dog experiment, what would the conditioned response be considered?
The dogs' salivation to the tone without the presence of food.
200
Very controversial amongst his peers, B.F. Skinner taught that schools, work, and home should stop using this method to change behavior.
Punishment
200
You work for two weeks before receiving a paycheck. What kind of reinforcement is this considered?
Delayed Reinforcement
200
You flinch after someone pinches you. In classical conditioning, this would be a good example of what?
Unconditioned Response
300
What is a neutral stimulus?
A stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning.
300
In the "Little Albert" experiments, the loud tone sounded while the rat is presented would be the _______ in classical conditioning.
Unconditioned Stimulus
300
This is the favored way of changing behavior today, the emphasis being on reinforcement and affirmation.
An Award or Reward
300
You reach for a cookie and your hand is slapped away. What is the slap an example of?
Punishment
300
An alcohol counselor might suggest to a recovering alcoholic that he try to avoid places or people that may trigger his cravings for alcohol. In classical conditioning, what would these places and people be considered?
Conditioned Stimulus
400
What do we call the reappearance of a weakened conditioned response after a pause?
Spontaneous Recovery
400
After the "Little Albert" experiments, Albert showed fear upon the presentation of a white bunny and other animals that were similar to the white rat that he was conditioned with. This response to similar stimuli is called what?
Generalization
400
Variable-Ratio Schedules and Fixed-Interval Schedules and two of the four partial reinforcement schedules. What are the other two?
Fixed-Ratio Schedules and Variable-Interval Schedules
400
What is an example of a primary reinforcer?
Any stimulus that satisfies a biological need.
400
A computer program allows students to have immediate feedback on correct or incorrect answers. What kind of learning is occurring with these students?
Operant Conditioning
500
Acquisition, Extinction, and Spontaneous Recovery are three of the five major conditioning processes that Pavlov and his associates studied. What are the other two?
Generalization and Discrimination
500
In Pavlov's dog experiments, after being conditioned, Pavlov observed that when he would tone the sound again and again, without presenting the dogs with food, that the dogs began to salivate less and less. This happened until the tone no longer triggered any salivation. This lack of response is known as what?
Extinction
500
What is the device that Skinner designed for use in Operant Conditioning in allowing a subject to gain an award for pressing a lever?
An Operant Chamber or a Skinner Box
500
What is the difference between negative reinforcement and punishment?
Negative reinforcement increases behavior by reducing adverse stimuli, while punishment is an event that decreases the behavior it follows.
500
You want your child to pick up their toys on a regular basis. Which partial reinforcement schedule would work best to achieve higher response rates and more consistent responses?
Variable-Ratio Schedule